Question

cnments 1. Prepare a chart for nurses indicating the most comnont Learning Ob causes of the two major types of fluid imbalances: he excess Kidnen feidure at Fluid volume deficit dration 2. Prepare an information sheet that describes the laboratory tests required for evaluating the following: .Fluid and electrolyte balance .Acid-base balance State the nursing considerations related to each type of test.

Answer 1

Ans.1) Fluid volume excess - The most common cause for this is compromised regulatory system for sodium and water as seen in congestive heart failure, kidney failure and liver failure.

Fluid volume deficit - The most common cause for this is dehydration, rapid blood flow, vomiting or diarrhea.

2.) Fluid and electrolyte balance - Electrolyte test determines whether there's an electrolyte imbalance in the body. Electrolytes are salts and minerals, such as sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate.

• Normal range of sodium = 135 -145 mEq/L in serum
• Normal range of potassium = 3.5 -5.0 mEq/L in serum

Acid base balance - Acid base balance is evaluate by conducting pH test (pH is measured on a pH scale ranging from 0 to 14. 0 is highly acidic, whereas, a pH of 14 is very basic, and a pH of 7 is neutral). During acid base imbalance, the plasma pH deviates out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).