Question

infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Decreased liver enzymes Reduced kidney perfusion Increased stomach acid Reduced percentage of body water Reduced liver perfusion PREVIOUS

Answer 1

Ans) Decreased liver enzymes
Reduced kidney perfusion
Reduced liver perfusion

Explaination:

- In some infants, the decrease in systemic perfusion is profound, with decreased to absent peripheral pulses, cool extremities, hypotension, and severe metabolic acidosis. In these cases, the compromise of systemic blood flow is life threatening and requires urgent diagnosis and therapy.

- In either case, it is the kidney's responsibility to filter the drug from the circulation and excrete it from the body via the urine. With aging, declines in renal blood flow, renal mass, and function of renal tubules result in a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete drugs and their metabolites.

- Metabolic processes are often immature at birth, which can lead to a reduced clearance and a prolonged half-life for those drugs for which metabolism is a significant mechanism for elimination. Renal excretion is also reduced in neonates due to immature glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and reabsorption.