Question

Answer these Questions in debth!

Answer 1

1 Though she has multiple clinical presentations.in the present case ,her creatinine level is increasing and her urine is foaming.Since foaming of urine is associated with proteinuria and kidney diseases.Higher levels of creatinine signifies impaired kidney function or kidney disease.The normal serum creatinine level ranges from 0.6-1.1mg/dl.

2Nursing diagnosis are

• Exccess fluid volume related to plasma protein deficit and sodium and water retention.
• Decreased tissue perfusion related to peripheral vasoconstriction.
• Alterations in health maintenance related to adjustment of medications.

3  

• Instruct patients about the cause of their renal problems.
• Explain to the patient that elevation of blood glucose lrvels damage the small vessels of the kidney and cause proteinuria,a decline in the Glomerular Filtrataion rate,worsening of hypertension and increaseed cardiovascular risks.
• Patients serum creatinine levels and GFR should be monitored closely.
• Advise the client to cut back on vigorous excercise.
• Reduce protein intake especially red meat.
• Dehydration can raise creatinine levels .Therefore encourage the client to increase fluid intake.