Question

How would I go about making a 10-slide powerpoint about one singular white blood cell's life cycle, how it contributes to the body as well as any information not normally known or interesting?

Answer 1

Answer :

• White blood cells ( WBC )also known as leukocytes.
• Function is protecting body against infectious disease and foreign invaders.
• Sourse of WBC - haematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow.
• WBC are found in blood and lymphatic system.
• All WBC have nuclei, which distiguishes them from other blood cells like RBCs ( Red blood cells ) and Platelets.

WBCs are classified into two pairs of categories.

a. granulocytes or agranulocytes.( based on structure )

b. myeloid cells or lymphoid cells ( based on cell lineage)

LIFE SPAN OF WBC:

• Approximately 5 to 20 days in normsl condition.
• After being released from bone marrow it circulate in the body for 4 to 8 hours.
• Then they go in tissue where they are needed and live for 4 to 5 days.
• Monocytes circulate for 10 to 12 hours and become macrophage, it live in body until gets destroyed.
•    Life span of lymphocytes is for weeks or months.
• WBCs are destroyed by lymphatic system of the body.
• WBC that has the longest life span are known as memory B and T cells.

5 main types of WBCs are :

1. neutrophils ( phagocytic)

2. eosinophils

3. basophils

4. lyphocytes

B cells, T cells, Natural killer cells.

5. monocytes ( phagocytic )

• Normal WBC count in blood is usually between 4,000 to 11,000 per microliter of blood.
• WBC make up around 1% of total blood volume in a healthy adult.
• Number of WBC count in blood is often indicator of disease.
• Increase in WBC over upper limit is called leukocytosis.

( Infectious cause, neoplastic, autoimmune )

Foods high in protein such as lean meats and poultry are high in zinc, will increases WBCs.

NEUTROPHILS

• Most abundant WBC ( 60 to 70% of circulating WBC )
•   Protect against bacterial and fungal infection.
•   Usually first respond to microbial infection.
• They have multi lobulated nucleus, consist of 3 to 5 lobes.give the appearance of having multiple nuclei, hence known as polymorphonuclear leucocytes ( PMN ).
• These cells are not able to renew their lysosomes, and die after having phagocytosed a few pathogens
•    Average life span of innactivated neutrophil in circulation is 5 to 135 hour.

EOSINOPHILS

• It composes 2 to 4 % of total WBC.

Count fluctuates through out the day and during menstruation,They are rare in blood but numerous in respiratory, digestive, lower urinary tract.

The important causes of eosinophilia includes allergy such as asthma, hay fever, parasitic infections, collagen disease, disease of spleen and central nervous system.

Their nucleous is bilobed and are connected by thin strand, and cytoplasm is full of granules that gives a characteristic pink - orange colour with eosin staining.

BASOPHILS

They are rarest of the WBC.

The nuclous is bi or tri lobed.

They have several coarse, dark violet, granules giving them a blue hue.

They excrete histamin ( responsible for allergic and antigen response ) and anti heparin( anti coagulant).

MONOCYTES

Largest type of WBC, and are much longer lived.

They have kidney shaped nucleous and are agranulated - having abundant cytoplasm.

Function is phagocytosis.

Monocytes live the blood stream and become tissue macrophages, which remove dead cell debris as well as attack micro organisms.

LYMPHOCYTES

Much more common in lymphatic system than in blood.

Having a deeply staining nucleous that may be excentric in location and small amount cytoplasm.

B cells - make antibodies that bind to pathogens, activates compliment system and enhance pathogen destruction.

T cells :

a. CD4+ helper T cells : binds with antigen peptides presented on major histo

compatibility complex ( MHC ) class 2 molecules on antigen presenting cells.

In HIV infection these T cells are main index to identify immune system integrity.

b. CD8+ cytotoxic Tcells - These cells binds antigen presented on MHC 1 complex of virus infected or tumor cells and kill them.

Natural killer cells  

Are able to kill cells of the body that do not displays MHC 1 molecules  

Sequence of WBC formation

Myeloid stem cells > myeloblast >granulocytes ( eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil)

Lymphoid stem cells > lymphoblast > B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, NK cells.