Question

PAIN MANAGEMENT

1. PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALES FOR ADULTS

A.

B.

C.

2. PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR PEDS

A.

B.

C.

Answer 1

Ans) PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR ADULTS:

A. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a subjective measure in which individuals rate their pain on an eleven-point numerical scale. The scale is composed of 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

B. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale is a pain scale that was developed by Donna Wong and Connie Baker. The scale shows a series of faces ranging from a happy face at 0, or "no hurt", to a crying face at 10, which represents "hurts like the worst pain imaginable.

C. The visual analogue scale or visual analog scale is a psychometric response scale which can be used in questionnaires. It is a measurement instrument for subjective characteristics or attitudes that cannot be directly measured.

PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR PEDS:

A. Verbal rating scale. This scale contains a list of adjectives describing different levels of pain intensity rated on a 4-point scale: 0, no pain; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe. The scales were recently developed for children older than age 8 years. Faces pain scale.

B. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale or FLACC scale is a measurement used to assess pain for children between the ages of 2 months and 7 years or individuals that are unable to communicate their pain. The scale is scored in a range of 0–10 with 0 representing no pain.

C. CRIES: a new neonatal postoperative pain measurement score. We have developed a neonatal pain assessment tool CRIES. The tool is a ten point scale similar to the APGAR score (Apgar 1953). It is an acronym of five physiological and behavioural variables previously shown to be associated with neonatal pain.