Question

Discuss teaching plan for patients at risk for fluid or electrolyte imbalances as a result of drug therapy about the manifestations of the imbalance.

Answer 1

*Teaching plan for patient with fluid electrolyte imbalance due to drug therapy about the

manifestations of the imbalance.

Specific objectives	Content	Duration (minutes)	Teaching methods	Evaluvation
Definition of fluid electrolyte imbalance	It is the abnormality in concentration of fluid and electrolytes present in the body.	1	Lecture	Ask about definition of fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Risk factors of fluid electrolyte imbalance.	* Use of drugs during treatment. * Vomitting,diarrhea,sweating. * Burn injuries.	2	charts	Ask to explain about risk factors.
Clinical manifestations of fluid electrolyte imbalance	Clinical manifestation occur in the body based which electrolyte level is abnormal in the body. Common electrolyte imbalances and their manifestations are,     Calcium Hypercalcemia(elevated calcium level in blood) result in    * Muscular weakness.    * Urinary frequency.    * Constipation,abdominal pain.    * Fatigue,vomitting,confusion.    * Thirst and parasthesia. Hypocalcemia(Decreased calcium level in blood) result in * Bronchospasm. * Seizures. * Tingling sensation on fingers and feet. * Muscular pain. Phosphorous Hyperphosphatemia (Elevated level of phosphates in blood) result in     *Muscle spasms.     * Bone weakness.     * Tetany.     * Subcutaneous tissue calcifications. Hypophosphatemia(Decreased level of phosphates in blood) result in    * Osteomalacia (softening of bones).     * Hyperparathyroidism.     * Chronic diarrhea.     * Irritability and confusion. Sodium Hypernatremia(elevated sodium level in blood) result in      * Restlessness.       * Edema.       * confusion.       * Seizures.       * Dry mucous membarines.       * thirst. Hyponatremia(Decreased level of sodium in blood) result in       * Vomitting.       * Confusion.       * Seizures.       * Irritability.       * Muscle weakness. Potassium Hyperkalemia (elevated level of potassium in blood) result in      * Muscle weakness.      * Paralysis.      * Cardiac dysrhythmias.      * Nausea. Hypokalemia (Low pottasium level in blood) result in      * Fatigue.      * constipation.      * Bradycardia.      * Muscular spasms. Magnesium    Hypermagnesemia (Elevated level of magnesium in blood) result in      * Cardiac arrythmias.      * Respiratory paralysis.      * Vomitting.      * Hypotension. Hypomagnesemia(Decreased level of magnesium in blood) result in     * Muscle cramps.     * Fatigue.     * Nystagmus (involuntary movement of eyes) Chloride    Hyperchloremia(Elevated level of chlorine in blood) result in     * Diarrhea.     * Vomitting.     * Dyspnea.     * Hypertension.     * Thirst. Hypochloremia (Decreased level of chlorine in blood)result in      * Muscle spasms.      * Tetany.      * Diaphoresis.      * Nausea.      * Hyponatremia.    Fluid imbalances in the body    *Hypervolemia (Excess level of fluid in the body) result in     * Hypertension.     * Dyspnea.     * Peripheral edemas in hands and feet.     * Tachycardia.     * Ascites.     * Jugular vein distension. Hypovolemia(Decreased level of fluid in the body) result in      * Low cardiac output.      * Hypotension.      * Metabolic acidosis.      * Multiple organ failure.      * Hypovolemic shock.	7	Multiple slides	Ask questions regarding clinical manifestation of imbalances.
Management of fluid electrolyte imbalance	Management include * Correction of electrolyte imbalances through administration of electrolytes which are low in blood.    * Provide adequate hydration in case of hypovolemia through both oral and IV fluids.    * Restrict fluid intake in cases of hypervolemia.     * Take treatment for underlaying conditions which result in fluid and electrolyte imbalance.     * Use alternative drugs for drugs which are at high risk to fluid and electrolyte imbalances.	5	Multiple slides.	Ask about How to manage fluid and electrolyte imbalance.