Question

Discuss teaching plan for patients at risk for fluid or electrolyte imbalances as a result of drug therapy about the manifestations of the imbalance.

Answer 1

Patient's teaching plan about the risk and clinical manifestation of fluid and electrolyte imbalances as a result of drug therapy:

• Fluid and electrolyte	Risks	Clinical Manifestations	Instructions
  Sodium	Hypernatremia	Confusion, thirst, restlessness, edema, seizures, coma.	Avoid sodium and salt restricted diet.
  	Hyponatremia	confusion, vomiting, seizures, muscle weakness, nausea, headache, restlessness.	Assess for signs and symptoms. Monitor intake and output.
  Potassium	Hyperkalemia	muscular weakness, nausea, paralysis	Restriction of dietary potassium
  	Hypokalemia	muscular weakness, numbness, tingling, bradycardia, fatigue.	supplementary potassium.
  Calcium	Hypercalcemia	Muscular weakness, abdominal pain, depression, fatigue, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting.	Intake of adequate fluids
  	Hypocalcemia	muscular aches, bronchospasm, tingling of feet and fingers.	Calcium supplements and Vit D for absorption.
  Magnesium	Hypermagnesemia	nausea, vomiting, muscular weakness, depression, hypotension	Avoid intake of magnesium-containing laxatives
  	Hypomagnesemia	numbness, tingling, muscular weakness, convulsions, cramps, fatigue.	Intake of magnesium-rich foods
  Chloride	hyperchloremia	thirst, pitting edema, nausea, vomiting, hypertension.	Replacement of electrolytes
  	hypochloremia	nausea, vomiting, muscular weakness, muscular twitching.	Drug restriction Iv fluids for dehydration.
  Fluid	Hypervolemia	hypertension, shortness of breath, peripheral edema	Restrictions of fluid and sodium Administer diuretics
  	Hypovolemia	hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration.	fluid intake IV fluids