Briefly describe a population approach and a high–risk approach to reducing the incidence of AIDS.
It is a disease of the human immune system caused by human immuno deficency virus(HIV). AIDS was first recognized by the U. S. Centers for Disease control and prevenon in 1981 and its cause, HIV ,identified in the 1980s.AIDS is now a pandemic. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the blood stream with a bodily flid containing HIV , such as blood, semen , vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk. This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex ,blood transfusion , contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, child birth , breast feeding, or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.There is no currently avalable vaccine for HIV or cure for HIV or AIDS. The only known methode of prevention are based on avoiding exposure to the virus. HIV is an uncommon type of virus called a retrovirus ,and drugs developed to disrupt the action of HIV are known as antiretrovirals or ARVs.
All combination prevention programme is require a strong community empowerment element and specific efforts to address legal and policy barriers , as well as the stregthening of health and social protection systems , plus action to address gender inequality , stigma and descrimination.
For example,*Young people in high prevalence countries need more than condoms and behaviour change communications. They also require comprehensive sexuality education and access to effective HIV and sexual and reproductive health service without economic barriers , such as prohibitive costs , or structural barriers , such as parental consent laws.
*Acompination package for men who have sex with men should include easy access to condom , lubricant and PrEP, as well as efforts to address homophobia.
A package for people who inject drugs should feature comprehensive harm reduction services , including needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy . However , few contries have consistently applied a combination HIV prevention approach to programming.
Before deciding on a package of HIV prevention interventions for a specific HIV epidemic , a clear and evidence - informed picture of that epidemic is needed .
Known as the` known your epidemic , know your response' approach. this is the starting point for combination prevention programming , and is compromised of a series of exercise to help categorise an epidemic .This involves looking at factors such as modes of HIV transmission , key affected population and key epidermiological trends.
The planning process that programmers and policy makers are recommended such as identify mode of transmission and the most affected populations , idenify geographic variations in HIV prevalence, know the size of key affected populations, identify and understand structural factors that might fuel HIV prevalence.
Behavioural inerventintions seek to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by addressing risky behaviours . As such , behaviour change communication forms a basic component of compination prevention. Behavioural intervention may aims to reduce the number of sexual partners individual have ;improve treatment adherece among people living with HIV; increase the use of clean needles among people who inject drugs; or increase consistent and correct use of condoms. Examples of behavioural interventions include ;
-information provision programme( such as sex education)
-councelling and other forms of psychosocial support
-safe infant feeding guidelines
- stigma and descrimination reduction programmes
-cash transfer programmes.
Briefly describe a population approach and a high–risk approach to reducing the incidence of AIDS.
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1. Which of the following options best describes the disadvantages of the “high risk” approach to disease prevention? A. It labels people as being at high risk, often based on an arbitrary cut off point. B. It usually only benefits those people in the population that are able to be identified as being at high risk. C. Often, the majority of cases of disease or mortality occur among people who are not in the “high risk” group....
AIDS is considered the plague of the 20th and 21st centuries. Describe what AIDS is and discuss its development in America and Africa especially the impact on population.
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