Question

Please select an area of interest within the study and discuss screening tests and the relevant statistical analysis that apply such as reliability and specificity, precision and accuracy, and predictive values. Discuss a screening procedure and the data used to assess the test. Should we assume that nurses have a higher level of health literacy? Does the study show that they practice what they preach? (I chose Coronary Heart Disease)

Answer 1

Answer :

Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease is a atherosclerosis of the inner lining of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart

Coronary heart disease is a common form of heart disease and major cause of illness and death

Coronary heart disease begins when hard cholesterol substances are deposited within a coronary artery

Common screening tests :

• Electro cardiogram.
• Excercise cardiac stress test (treadmill stress test )
• Radionuclide stress test
• Stress echocardiography.
• Pharmacological stress test
• Coronary angiography .

Coronary angiography :

• The gold standard For evaluation of coronary heart disease remains the corommnary angiogram .
• Coronary angiography can be used to identify the exact location and severity of coronary heart disease

Procedure :

• A small catheter is inserted through the skin into an artery usually in either the groin or the arm
• Guided with assistance of fluoroscope , the catheter is then advanced to the opening of the coronary arteries ,the blood vessels supplying blood to the heart
• Next , a small amount of radiographic contrast containing iodine ,which is easily visualised is injected into each coronary artery .
• The images that are produced are called the angiogram
• Angiographic images are more accurately reveal the extent and severity of all coronary arterial diseases

One study analysis :

Total 400 patients , quantitative angiography done For 350 patients , 50 patients are excluded For technical reasons .

After screening tests like ECG , ECHO , Tread mill stress test and angiography .

Diagnosing CHD in patients with angiography diagnosed 84%, With ECG 23% , with ECHO 30% and with Treadmill 32%  

So after the analysis ,We found that the angiography is accurate than other screening tests .