Selective Estrogen Receptor modulators (SERMS) have two applications. Describe the applications and types of compounds (Agonist/antagonist) used for each application.
Application 1:
Application 2:
How is this situation similar to the clinical situation for beta-receptors?
Application 1- for post menopausal women, selective estrogen receptors agonists for maintaining bone density for application in osteoporosis treatment.
Application 2- At the same time act as estrogen receptor antagonists in breast tissue for application in breast cancer prevention in women along with effects on the uterus that depends on their interaction with the estrogen receptors in target tissues.
Estrogen receptors beta which bind estradiol with similar affinities and mediate the effects of estrogen throughout the body. It modulates estrogen signaling in the ovary, the immune system, prostate, gastro intestinal tract and hypothalamus.
Selective Estrogen Receptor modulators (SERMS) have two applications. Describe the applications and types of compounds (Agonist/antagonist)...
Assuming that you had an agonist and an antagonist for every autonomic transmitter receptor, how could you determine which receptor types exist in any autonomically controlled effector? Using the method you defined in Question 1 and your knowledge of the Autonomic control of the function of the internal organs, predict the effects (increase, decrease, or no change) of the following autonomic agonists on heart rate (HR). AGONIST HR CHANGE alpha-adrenergic beta-adrenergic muscarinic nicotinic Using autonomic pharmacological agents, how could you...
make a outline of the ans system
1. two divisions of ans and alternate terms associated
2. neurotransmitters for each. indicate location Within the
division where NT is released
3. receptor type with main location
4. organ response to stimulation list these specific organs eyes
hear lungs vessels gi tract and bladder then tell which response is
generated in that organ when stimulated
5 . lust drug name which interact with the receptors in each
division including agonist and antagonist...
1. State the responses that a muscarinic agonist would be expected to cause through direct activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (consider bethanechol). The student should focus on the main “targets” of parasympathetic nervous system activity: eyes, respiratory system, heart and blood vessels, gastrointestinal (GI) and urinary tracts, and the secretory activity of exocrine glands (e.g., lacrimal, mucous, and so on). 2. List cholinergic responses not normally caused when the usual therapeutic doses of a muscarinic agonist are administered and explain...
1. Describe the anatomy of the somatic nervous system, the key transmitter and receptor type involved in skeletal muscle activation, and the physiologic consequences of activating those cell receptors. 2. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of nondepolarizing and depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents and state how these actions influence the use of one class rather than the other in specified clinical situations. 3. Identify three specific uses for neuromuscular blocking agents and describe the monitoring and other measures necessary...
Veterinary Anesthesia & Surgical Assisting - Analgesics Identify the different mechanisms or fundamental types of pain. What are nociceptors? Anatomy review: What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron? Are nociceptors part of the CNS or PNS? Are they sensory neurons or motor neurons? Efferent or Afferent? What about nociceptors in the autonomic nervous system? Define the steps in the physiology of pain- transduction, transmission, modulation, perception. Where does each of these occur? Describe the difference between primary...
You have developed an activator of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. In three different cell types that all contain this receptor your drug has different effects. In cell type A you see activation of gene X and gene Y; in cell type B you note activation of Gene X, but no change in the mRNA levels for Gene Y. In cell type C your drug has no effect on either Gene X or Y. Describe how could each choice (A-D) be...
You have developed an activator of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. In three different cell types that all contain this receptor your drug mas different effects. In cell type A you see activation of gene X and gene Y; in cell type B you note activation of Gene X, but no change in the mRNA levels for Gene Y. In cell type C your drug has no effect on either Gene X or Y. Describe how could each choice (A-D) be...
just question 5.b
5. The Holix Corporation has two separate processing centers for credit applications. Each credit application passes through three steps: step 1-background credit check, step 2 - credit risk profile analysis, and step 3—credit level approval and communication to client. The processing time for each of the stages is 20 minutes for credit check, 50 minutes for credit risk profile analysis, and 14 minutes for credit approval and communication. The set-up time between successive applications for each step...
Organophosphates (OPs) are toxic chemicals contained in many pesticides used heavily in agriculture. They can have severe, acute effects, including death, beginning within minutes to hours of exposure. Other symptoms can develop over longer time periods. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or, to a lesser extent, contact with skin. The toxicity of OPs stems from their action at cholinergic synapses: these chemicals inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) and terminates its action following release into the...
Olfaction occurs when volatile compounds bind to specific
odorant receptors. In mammals, each olfactory receptor neuron in
the olfactory nasal epithelium expresses a single type of odorant
receptor. These odorant receptors constitute a large multigene
family (>1000 members) of related proteins. Binding of odorant
induces a signaling cascade that is mediated via a G protein,
Gaolf. Recent studies suggest that there are a small
number of olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal epithelium that
express members of the trace-amine associated...