Question

Explain in detail:

WHAT ARE nonmaleficence and beneficence IN MEDICAL ETHICS? AND WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT TO PROVIDER AND PATIENT INTERACTIONS?

WHAT ARE autonomy and justice IN MEDICAL ETHICS? AND WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT TO PROVIDER AND PATIENT RELATIONSHIP?

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Answer 1

And) Non-maleficence = duty not to inflict harm on others (harm principle)
- Don't chop up one person to save 6

Beneficence = we should do good to others and avoid doing them harm
- Fiduciary obligation: doing what is best for the beneficiary knowing what you do about them
- A fiduciary is a person that holds a legal or ethical relations of trust with beneficiary
parent to child, doctor to patient, lawyer to client
contrast: arm's length interactions--limited amount of obligations (buying something from a salesperson)

Non-maleficence trumps beneficence: harms are great, even if benefits are great organ transplant case: good from transplanting an organ doesn't outweigh the harm to another person beneficence trumps non-maleficence: harms are small and benefits are great vaccinations: mandatory, harm to single person isn't as substantial as overall good.

Autonomy = capacity for self-governance, self-determination
- Ability to direct one's own life and choose for oneself
- An autonomous agent must act intentionally (on beliefs and desires), with understanding (true beliefs), without coercion (freely)
- Not binary: you are or you aren't autonomous
- Classes of people will vary: young children, elderly

Justice = people getting what is fair or what is their due 3 principles

Health Care Provider - Patient Relationships

1.Doctors and other healthcare team must recognize the importance of managing the care of patients within a system so as to maximize quality of the care.

2. The medical interview has three functions: data gathering, relationship building, and patient education. Attention to one's mental processes during an interview improves understanding of
the patient, reduces bias, and can enhance clinical judgment.

3. Effective patient care involves four strategic elements that can be categorized as cognitive, affective, behavioral, and social. All strategies are proven to be effective in improving health outcomes.

4. The patient-practitioner relationship is enhanced by a number of clinician attributes including: respect for patient dignity and
self-determination, clinical curiosity, attention to decision-making preferences and cultural issues, accountability and professionalism.

5. The better the relationship between health providers and patient the better is the health outcomes.