Question

Do plant cells exist in a hypotonic or hypertronic state? Explain.

What cell structures or organelles would be involved in the creation and exocytosis of waste products?

Answer 1

First need to understand what is hypertonic and hypotonic solution.

1. hypotonic solution- when solvent is more and solute is less / dilute solution
2.   hypertonic solution - when solvent is less and solute is more / concentrated solution
3. Osmosis is the movement of water from the region of its higher concentration to lower concentration that is from hypotonic to hypertonic.

Plants prefer to keep their cell in hypertonic condition so that water from their surronding environment which is hypotonic can enter inside the cell throgh the process of osmosis. Since osmosis is passive transport, does not utilizes energy for water of entry, it helps plant to save energy

If the plant cell would by in hypotonic state and the environement surrounding the plant cell being hypertonic , then it would lead to water leaving the cell. Hence plants would lose water and plasma membrane would shrink causing plasmolysis. Plasmolysis is shrinking of plasma membrane due to losing water. To avoid this situation plant cells naturally maintain hypertonic condition inside the cell.

CONCLUSION:  Plant cells are more efficient when their inside cell is in hypertonic state and the outside environment is in hypotonic state.

Part B

The metabolic activities of the cell such as photosynthesis, respiration produces various by products which has to be released from the plant for example gaseous waste such as carbon dioxide and oxygen which exit through stomata,  water which exits  through transpiration process and other organic by product such as amino acids, resin latex etc is stored in a strorage vacuole of the plant.

Vacuoles is the main cell organelle in plant associated in production , storage, and excretion of the waste of plant. It is similar in function like lysosoms of animal cells and can also be called as suicidal bag of plant. Plants do not have lysosomes like animal cell and neither they have well deeloped excretory system. So vacuoles is one of the important organelle in plants.

Vacuoles are formed by small vesicles. These vesicles also called exocytic vesicles is a membrane bound organelle containing the substances that has to be removed from the cell and are formed by golgi apparatus. The waste of the cell first accumulates in these smaller vesicle, These vesicles merge together and form a large central vacuole which can store the waste product temporariy or permanently.

In the process of exocytosis cell transport substances which include the waste from the inside the cell to outside the cell.

Conclusion:

Vacuoles is the main cell rganelle of plant associated with waste production and removal of the waste through exocytosis..