Question

39. The evolutiona factors, including the way genetic material is organized and replicated. Please complete this table indicated which traits apply to each type of organism. [12 points) ry trajectories of Eukarya and prokaryotic organisms have been shaped by many Trait Circular chromosomes Reduced genome size favored for rapid replication Buildup of non-coding DNA Gene regulation a prominent feature Cell types differentiate in development Genetic variation via horizontal gene transfer prokaryotes Eukarya

Answer 1

1. The genomes of prokaryotes are usually made up of one chromosome and plasmids (Example: E.Coil).

Eukaryota however, contains a large no. of chromosomes.

2. In prokaryotes ( Example: Archaea and Bacteria) there is, in general, a linear relationship between genome size and no. of genes. However, in Eukaryotes, there is no correlation between genome size and complexity of the organisms ( Example: Amoeba).

3. Prokaryotes appear to use their genomes very efficiently, with only an average of 12%of genome being taken up by the non-coding sequence. However, non-coding DNA can represent about 98% of the genome in prokaryotes in humans.

4. Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA, therefore, float freely in the cell cytoplasm. In contrast, Eukaryotic have intracellular organelles that add to their complexity.

5. The prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus and any other membrane-bound organelle (ex- Bacteria). However, have Eukaryotes are membrane-bound organelles(Ex- Humans).

6. compared with prokaryotes, the process of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes is much more complex, mainly because acquired DNA must pass through both the outer cell membrane and nuclear membrane to reach the eukaryotes genome.