Question

• What are the three functional groups that comprise a nucleotide? What do nucleotides have in common with amino acids or simple sugars?
  
  When the structure of DNA was first elucidated, many biologists quickly saw how this structure explained the passage of information from one generation to another. How does the structure of DNA explain generation-to-generation flow of information? In other words, give a brief description of the structure of DNA and tell how this structure allows for replication.
  
• Which of the following is the best analogy for the shape of a DNA molecule?
• a set of railroad tracks.
• a twisted rope ladder.
• a wooden ladder.
• beads on a string.
  DNA replication
• occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the parental DNA molecule.
• begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments.
• results in the formation of four new DNA strands.
• uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.
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• Question 30.5 pts
• Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to
• assure the correct orientation of the two strands in the newly growing double helix.
• shorten the time necessary for DNA replication.
• remove errors in DNA replication.
• create multiple copies of the DNA molecule at the same time.
  A base substitution in DNA that leads to an amino acid change in the encoded protein is called a __________ mutation.
• frame shift
• silent
• missense
• nonsense
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• Question 50.5 pts
• Trascription occurs in the _____, while translation occurs in the ________.
• nucleus; cytoplasm
• ribosomes; nucleus
• cytoplasm; plasma membrane
• nucleus; mitochondria
  Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material?
• Watson and Crick
• Franklin
• Avery
• Pauling
  Both DNA and RNA are made of monomers called
• nucleotides.
• nucleic acids.
• fatty acids.
• monosaccharides.
  Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false?
• RNA uses the sugar dextrose.
• RNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.
• One RNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
• RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
  Which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is true?
• The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine.
• The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of uracil, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.
• The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.
• The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine.
  In the genetic code,
• some codons specify more than one amino acid.
• some amino acids are not specified by any codons.
• some codons consist of two nucleotides.
• many amino acids are specified by more than one codon.
• 
  
• ________ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop.
• A stop codon
• Methionine
• RNA ligase
• A terminator
  Translation is the
• conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides.
• replication of DNA.
• the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins.
• the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes
  Which of the following is a function of a tRNA molecule?
• bringing the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain
• transferring nucleotides to rRNA
• helping to translate codons into nucleic acids
• hydrolizing peptide bonds
  Considering only the steps that take place during translation, which of the following is not needed in order for translation to occur?
• sources of energy, including ATP
• ribosomes
• tRNA
• DNA template
  Which of the following statements is false?
• The start codon can be different depending on what kind of protein is to be translated.
• During polypeptide initiation, an mRNA molecule, the first amino acid attached to its tRNA, and the two subunits of a ribosome are brought together.
• During the first step of initiation, an mRNA molecule binds to a small ribosomal subunit.
• Translation consists of initiation, elongation, and termination.
• 
  Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
• an anticodon.
• a mutation.
• a mutagen.
• a base substitution.
• Synthesis of RNA based on a DNA template is called
• Replication
• transcription
• translaton
• respiration
  
• The genetic code is
• ambiguous.
• redundant and ambiguous.
• redundant but not ambiguous.
• specific for each species.
  A base substitution in DNA that leads to an amino acid change in the encoded protein is called a __________ mutation.
• frame shift
• silent
• missense
• nonsense
  
• Trascription occurs in the _____, while translation occurs in the ________.
• nucleus; cytoplasm
• ribosomes; nucleus
• cytoplasm; plasma membrane
• nucleus; mitochondria

Answer 1

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