Question

please all 5 thank you

13. Review the concepts of osmotic pressure and the balance of H2O and solutes across membranes 14. How do freshwater and marine fish regulate a constant internal osmolarity of their blood and tissues in spite of their (fairly extreme) environments? 15. What are the sources of nitrogenous wastes in animals, and how are these converted and eliminated in the osmoregulatory systems of invertebrates, insects, bony fish, mammals and birds? 16. Be familiar with the general anatomy and function of the vertebrate nephron, a microscopic unit of the vertebrate kidney. Know the appearance and function of these parts of the nephron: glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, renal tubules and loop of Henle. 17. Understand the meaning of these 3 renal functions: filtration, reabsorption and secretion (summarized/illustrated in slide 34 of Lectures 8 & 9). How does each contribute to homeostasis?

Answer 1

The concentration of contes in two solutions separated by a semipermeable enplane is known as Osmotic Pressure movement of solutes takes place to balance aus concentration. Hypertonic solution ? hovement The cell swell when immersed water in as water diffuses in from hyptonic or low salt solution The cell shrinks when loses water and moves outside to hypestonic or 'high salt solution. Isotonic cells have equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell. Osmotic pressure is influenced by of concentration solutes in a solutions, Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of solute atoms. Water passes equalizing the the through diffusion and concentration on both mentbrane. sides of