Question

Attached below are the pages from this lab report to help give context to the questions. Please be as detailed as possible when answering the questions and include any relevant information about intermolecular forces at play. Thank you for your help!

PARTA. SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE BY EXTRACTION Procedure: In this part of the experiment, a mixture containing either an acidic or basic compound, and a neutral compound is to be separated into the individual components. The flow chart on the next page will coordinate these steps Pour the unknown solution into a 250 ml separatory funnel. Rinse the Erlenmeyer fla 5 ml of ether and add this rinse to the separatory funnel PART I. Extraction of the Base (if present) (amine) from the organic mixture using two 25 ml portions of Extract the organic base 5% hydrochloric acid. Draw off the lower aqueous layer, leaving the upper organic layer for each extraction and combine these aqueous layers into the same 125 ml Erlen flask. This will be your ORGANIC BASE EXTRACTION. Label appropriately 1. meyer NOTE: If you observe a large amount of precipitation in your separatory funnel, draw off this precipitation with the aqueous layer. Extract the ether layer with an additional 25 ml of water followed by another extraction with 25 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid. Combine all aqueous extracts into a 250 mL. Erlenmeyer and label this ORGANIC BASE EXTRACTION Extract the ether in the separatory funnel with 10 ml of water and combine this with the rest of the ORGANIC BASE EXTRACTION, leaving the ether layer in the separatory funnel. Set the separatory funnel aside for later 2. Chill the ORGANIC BASE EXTRACTION flask in an ice bath and make it very basic (raise the pH) by adding 10% sodium hydroxide until the solution is very alkaline (pH > 12). Chill the mixture thoroughly. 3. > If a solid precipitates Collect the solid (organic base) by suction filtration and save the solid for next week. Ifan emulsion occurs (or even if a clear solution persists) In a new separatory funnel, place the emulsion solution and extract with 50 ml of ether Remove the aqueous layer through the stopcock into a beaker or flask and pour the ether layer out the top of funnel into a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Place the aqueous layer back in the separatory funnel and extract with a second portion of ether. Combine the two et extracts in the same Erlenmeyer flask. Label this ORGANIC BASE, dry with magnesium sulfate, cork, and save for next week.

Here are the questions which I need answered. Thank you in advance for your help! :) Please be as detailed as possible and discuss any intermolecular forces in detail if they are relevant to the question. Thanks!

Answer 1

Following is the Answer & Solution to Question - 1 of the given Question Set , in image format...