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Mycobacteria, as a genus, are often found in the air, soil, or water. M. leprae are...

Mycobacteria, as a genus, are often found in the air, soil, or water. M. leprae are thought to inhabit soils, but scientists have not been able to conclude this. Why might they have a difficult time concluding this belief?

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This is because some microbes can't be plated on media in in-vitro conditions. They can survive only in their specific micro-habitats and it is not possible to create exact environment in the lab. Also if the scientists do so, they won't be able to get these strains on media plates. For such microbes, RNA analysis is done, of the soil samples.

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