Question

Both humans and fungi are eukaryotic. Looking at the structures found in human and fungal cells, propose one possible cellular target of antibiotics that would impact fungal cells but not human cells.

Provide two examples of beneficial fungi and two examples of beneficial bacteria. Include binomial names and how we benefit from these organisms.

Answer 1

Unlike human cells, fungal cells are covered by cell wall. Its major component is chitin, B- (1,3)-D- Glucan and B-(1,6)-D- Glucan and several glycoproteins. Most of the anti fungal agents are inhibitors of B-(1,3)-D-Glucan synthase, the enzyme essential for the production of Glucan. There are other mechanisms too like disrupting the permeability of fungal plasma membrane etc.

Beneficial fungi

1. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (yeast)

widely used in the production of fermented products like bread, beer and also as a material for eukaryotic research.

2. Penicillium chrysogenum (formerly called P. notatum)

widely used in the production of well used antibiotic penicillin

Beneficial bacteria

1. Lactococcus lactis

Extensively used in the production of buttermilk and cheese

2. Acetobacter aceti

bacteria which is used widely for the production of acetic acid