Question

ID Question 12 2 pts Defenses and counterdefenses are used by both parasites and their hosts to try and outcompete one another. An example of a defense or counterdefense is: a. Immune system to recognize microparasites using immune system memory cells. O b. Biochemical defenses such as plant defensive secondary compounds or antibiotic use by humans. O c. Defensive symbionts such as bacteria and fungi that can keep parasite populations low enough to avoid compromising an organism's fitness. O d. Encapsulation by enclosing parasites, sealing them off from the body of the host so that they cannot harm it. e. All of the above. 2 nts