Question

Questions 7-15 The molecule is ethane

71 2 O ACTIVITY 1.2.1 Biological Macromolecules in 3-D 7. Orient the two molecules so that portions of the mo lecules that would normally form intermolecular bonds lie next to each other. In this activity, you will build molecular models of biologically important molecules using ball-and-spring molecular model 1) What intermolecular forces help to hold these mo- building kits and then you will view these and other molecules lecules together! of interest using computer-generated graphics. 1 & Remove an Hatom from the third C and the fourth Cof one molecule. Replace these atoms with a long Procedure spring, forming a double bond between these carbon Part 1: Building Biomolecule Models with Ball-and- atoms draw a double bond between the carbona) Spring Model-Building Kits 71 Describe the change in the overall shape of the mo- 1. On a large uncluttered table, open the molecular lecule caused by the introduction of a carbon-carbon model kit and identify the colours representing double bond carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N). 9. Keeping the carboxyl groups as close to one another as and sulfur (S). Separate the short springs (single possible, orient the molecules parallel to each other. bonds) from the long springs (double bonds). 2. Build a molecule of methane, CH, 12(k) How does the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond influence the effectiveness of the intermolecular 11 (a) Describe the molecule's overall shape, structural sym attractions? metry, and bond angles. (1) What term describes the presence of a double bond in 11 (b) Is CH, polar or nonpolar? the hydrocarbon portion of this molecule? 11 3. Replace one H atom with a Catom and fill any open 12 10. Construct eight water molecules and place them bonding positions on the Catom with H atoms. around the organic molecules oriented according to (c) In your notebook, draw a structural formula, write a the type of intermolecular bonds they would form. chemical formula, and name this compound. 71 (m) What is the name of the intermolecular bonds that /1 (d) Describe the molecule's overall shape, structural sym hold water molecules to these organic molecules? metry, and bond angles. 1 11. Remove the carbon-carbon double bond and return 11 (e) Is this molecule polar or nonpolar? the molecule to its original condition. /1 4. Repeat step 3 until you have created a straight 12 12. Using the two 6-carbon molecules, add, remove, and chained hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms rearrange atoms on both molecules to construct two and 14 hydrogen atoms, which is hexane, CH, straight-chain glucose molecules. Use Figure 6 in / 15. Build another hexane molecule and place it alongside section 1.2 (page 29) as a guide. the first one you built. 12 (n) What two functional groups do these molecules 71 ( What types of intermolecular forces help hold hexane contain? molecules to each other? 13. Attach a small piece of tape to the carbon atoms that 71 (g) What aspect of the molecules' geometry makes these are double bonded to an oxygen atom at one end of bonds effective? cach molecule. These are designated carbon-1 atoms. 12 6. Convert one of the terminal methylene groups 12 14. Using Figure 7 in section 1.2 (page 30) as a guide, (-CHg) on each molecule into a carboxyl group: carefully change each straight-chained glucose mole- cule into an a-glucose ring. You may need to reposi- tion the hydroxyl groups to ensure that they are arranged above and below the plane of the ring OH according to the diagrams in Figure 7. (h) What type of biomolecule have you created? 15. Orient the two a-glucose rings so that the hydroxyl group on carbon-1 of one ring faces the hydroxyl group of carbon-4 on the other.

Answer 1

Answer: H H. H + & - CH { { Ethane molecules # -C C +H HT - 1 H Н H Dehy dongenation, H H H ☆ c-n {Butane} - C H-C-C 1 H 6 H 1 H (i) of н These are attraction. H H H. 8 1 C-C-H + H H H 4. 3 4 C atom: 1 म CH-C-HC = CH 2 H- -H₂ - 31 H 2 CH CH -CH=CH But 1-ene (i) The molecule has sp hybridised Catome, with tetrahedral Geometry, this is converted to sp² hybridised IC atoms on formation of double bond. The double bonded c atoms are having trigonal trigonal planar geometry.

2) 9) M H OH Acetic acid molecules aligned parallel to each other. H-C - 1 H OH to each other and Hence, (K) Double bonds join c- C more strongly hence reduces their attraction to other molecules. double bonded atoms haves lesser intermolecular forces as compared to single bonded atoms. (4) The presence of double bond in a double bond in a hydrocarbon is denated with "ene? molecules 10) (m) The water molecules hold the organice by hydrogen bonding 12) 04-CH-CH= Ch +4₂ CH CH CH CH 2 3 (Butane) groups: 12) (2) glucose molecules have functional ① -OH (alcoholic group 2 - CRO (aldehyde group)

M) a cose structure : 애 H M6 OY A/ H 얘 왤애 H 13) o.H Oh 4 H H 해 H 에 HD) 애 H H & -glucose molecules combined at C1 and cu respectively.