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we will    use the following designations: XBY--- male with normal vision XBXB---- female with normal vision...

we will    use the following designations:
XBY--- male with normal vision XBXB---- female with normal vision XbY---- male with colorblindness XBXb female carrier for colorblindness XbXb ---female with colorblindness.
1. would there ever be an instance when a female could not be a carrier? explain.
2. describe a test cross and explain why it is used.

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1. would there ever be an instance when a female could not be a carrier? explain.

No, as the females are diploid for X chromosome, if normal and defected x chromsomes are there, the phenotype will be the normal one. so, there is always a chance to be carrier.

2. Testcross: The cross between an individual and complete recesseive phonetype individual is called as test cross. The main purpose of the test cross is to study the genetical constitutaion of tested organism and to study the distance between the linked genes.

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