Question

TO SO Bionibna obol ANIMAL VIRUSES: ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY How do animal viruses replicate? How can we use this information to explain how antiviral drugs work? In your answer explain how: of laboral 1. An animal virus infection can result in either a. a productive infection or b. a latent state.

Answer 1

Viral replicates in the host cell in the following manner.

Virus first gets attached to host cell and injects its genetic material into it.The viral DNA or RNA incorporates itself into the host cell’s genetic material and induces it to replicate the viral genome.At last the newly-created viruses are released from the host cell, either by causing the cell to break apart, or after cell death, or by budding off through the cell membrane.

Antiviral drugs work by.

Inhibiting viral enzymes like protease, integrase, reverse transcriptase or other enzymes necessary for viral replication.  

Drug incorporates in viral genome and stops replication.

Blocks receptors for fusion etc

Animal virus infects by using human machinery for replication. Newly created virus are released into neighbouring cells and produce infection.

Latent state is seen in some viruses such as herpes virus in latent phase viral or host miRNAs may bind to certain viral mRNA molecules and block translation of viral proteins which are required for viral replication, or they may bind to the mRNA of human genes that produce proteins used in viral replication. The resulting low viral levels minimize immune responses against that virus. These miRNAs may also blocki apoptosis of infected host cells.