Question

LLLL US aliyena. place with CHradio The methyl radical has a nonbonding electron and is able to form another bond. It can take the place of a hydrogen atom of some alkane and make the molecule larger. Any alkane can be turned into a radical by removing a Bethane hydrogen atom. Table 4.1 gives the names of the radicals derived from the straight-chain alkanes. To name an alkane you need to do three things: 1. Identify the longest chain to obtain the root name of the molecule. 2. Identify the radicals bound to the longest chain. 3. Assign numbers to indicate where the radicals are located. EXAMPLES The longest chain has 8 carbon atoms so the molecule is an octane. It has an ethyl group bound to carbon 3 and a methyl group bound to carbon 4 We call it 3-ethyl-4-methyloctane, Ethyl comes before methyl because we put the radicals in alphabetical order. Degree of Unsaturation Because" bonds and rings have the same effect on the molecular formula of a molecule close 2 Hs), the total number of bonds and rings in a molecule is given a name Degree of unsaturation=[of bonds + # of rings] EXERCISES 4. Apply the previous rules and name the following alkanes 5. Draw structures for the following alkanes: a) 4-methyldecane b) 3-ethyl-4,4,5-trimethylnonane Shown below are a handful of the possible 6 carbon backbone compounds (ie the ways 6 carbons can be arranged). If the question asked you to draw ALL missing constitutional isomers, a good way to start would be to draw all possible 6-carbon "backbones", then add double bonds as needed

Answer 1

4] a] 2 4 The longest chain has 6 carbon atoms so the molecule is an bexane Methyl group is bound to carbon 3. Name or compound : 3-methylhexane. The longest chain has 7 carbon atoms, so the molecule is heptane. one methyl group is bound to carbon 3 and second methyl group bound to carbon 4. Name! 3,4-dimethylheptane. The longest chain has a carbon atoms, so the molecule is nonane. Two methyl groups are bound to carbon 3 & ethal group bound to carbon 6. Name: 6-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl nonane.

5] @ 4-methyl decone. Name of compound is decane and it contain 10 carbon 1. atoms. Draw the long chain haring 10 carbons. Radical is methyl and it is bound to 4 carbon. Hence draw, the radical on 4th carbon of chain. 6 3-ethyl-4,4,5-trimethylnonane. & Name of compound is nonane i.e it contain a carbons. Draw the long chain having a carbons. & Two methyl groups are bound to carbon 4 and one methyl group bound to carbon 5. Ethyl group is bound to carbon 3.