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1. Rate Equations in a Four-Level Laser (10+ 10+10 Points). Consider a four-level laser with an active volume V13. The population densities of the upper and lower laser levels are N2 and N and N- N2 N. The pumping rate is such that the steady-state population difference N in the absence of the stimulated emission and absorption is No. The photon-number density is n and the photon lifetime is tp (a) Write the rate equations for N2. N.N. and n in terms of No. the transition cross-section ơn. and the times τp-T. τ2.r21, and Tp. (b) Determine the steady-state values of N and n
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--)The upper and flot en Qagen As, levels age = phton number, dens. Tiine of photon he seady sbabe absence Numbern density , n= 尸 → Touwton cross sector-cume xdensify

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