Question

7. Ependymal cells A. are sometimes called neurolemmocytes B. form sheaths around parasympathetic nervous tissue cells C. are phagocytes D. form sheaths around central nervous system cells E. line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord Which of the following events will lead to depolarization? A. an increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid B. a decrease in K+ lions in the extracellular fluid C. an increase in the rate of diffusion of K+ ions from cells D. an increase in Na+ ions in the extracellular fluid E. none of these events would cause depolarization 8. 9. The inferior tapered end of the spinal cord is called the A. filum terminale B. cauda equina C. denticulate ligament D. conus medullaris E. None of these choices is correct. 10. Whici of the following spinal tracts is (are) involved in involuntary muscle control (extrapyramida system)? A. vestibulospinal tract B. reticulospinal tract C. rubrospinal tract D. all of the above E. None of the above 11. Which one of the following is INCORRECT? A. there are twelve pairs of thoracic spinal nerves B. there are five pairs of lumbar spinal nerves C. there are seven pairs of cervical spinal nerves D. there are five pairs of sacral spinal nerves E. there thirty pairs of spinal nerves 12. The vital centers for control of heart, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the A. medulla oblongata B. pons C. cerebrunm D. cerebellum E. midbrain 13. The sleep/wake cycle is influenced by the A. basal nuclei. B. reticular formation. C. vermis. D. thalamic nuclei. E. cerebellum.

Answer 1

Answer 7. (E) These cells line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These are nervous tissue cells with a ciliated simple columnar shape much like that of some mucosal epithelial cells.

Answer 8. (A)

Na Na Na polarized membrane membrane membrane direction of impulse Fig 129 Depolarization Depolarization of a nerve fibre

Answer 9. (D) At its inferior end, the spinal cord tapers to a point known as the conus medullaris and gives rise to many large nerve fibers known as the cauda equina.

Answer 10 .(B)   Extrapyramidal tracts are chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target lower motor neurons in the spinal cord that areinvolved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. ... pontine reticulospinal tract. medullary reticulospinal tract.

Answer 11(C)

Spinal Nerve Spinal nerves: 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves 1 pairs of coccyx spinal nerves 1. 2. 3. Conus L2 4. 5. neuroscienceMizan

Answer 12.(A)  The primary role of the medulla oblongata is regulating our involuntary life sustaining functions such as respiration, blood pressure and heart rate.

Answer 13. (D)  The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO or VLPN) of the hypothalamus is one area of the brain that is particularly involved in the switch between wakefulness andsleep. Neurons in this small area help to promote sleep by inhibiting activity in areas of the brainstem that maintain wakefulness.