Question

What is polymorphism in Object-oriented programming? Write down C# code example support the polymorphism

Answer 1

Polymorphism is the ability of any data to be processed in more than one form. The word itself indicates the meaning as poly means many and morphism means types. Polymorphism is one of the most important concept of object oriented programming language. The most common use of polymorphism in object-oriented programming occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.Polymorphism uses those methods to perform different tasks. This allows us to perform a single action in different ways.

Polymorphism can be static or dynamic. In static polymorphism, the response to a function is determined at the compile time. In dynamic polymorphism, it is decided at run-time.

Static Polymorphism:-

The mechanism of linking a function with an object during compile time is called early binding. It is also called static binding. C# provides two techniques to implement static polymorphism. They are −

• Function overloading
• Operator overloading

You can have multiple definitions for the same function name in the same scope. The definition of the function must differ from each other by the types and/or the number of arguments in the argument list.

In the below code snippet print function The following example shows using function print() to print different data types −

Dynamic polymorphism:-

C# allows you to create abstract classes that are used to provide partial class implementation of an interface. Implementation is completed when a derived class inherits from it. Abstract classes contain abstract methods, which are implemented by the derived class. The derived classes have more specialized functionality.

//This code snippet is the example of static polymorphism in Which print function is defined in different forms to Print different data types. using System; namespace PolymorphismApplication { class Printdata { void print(int i) { Console.WriteLine("Printing int: {0}", i ); } void print(double f) { Console.WriteLine("Printing float: {0}" , f); } void print(string s) { Console.WriteLine("Printing string: {0}", s); } static void Main(string[] args) { Printdata p = new Printdata(); // Call print to print integer p.print(5); // Call print to print float p.print(500.263); // Call print to print string p.print("Hello C++"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } //Dynamic polymorphism example: using System; namespace PolymorphismApplication { class Shape { protected int width, height; public Shape( int a = 0, int b = 0) { width = a; height = b; } public virtual int area() { Console.WriteLine("Parent class area :"); return 0; } } class Rectangle: Shape { public Rectangle( int a = 0, int b = 0): base(a, b) { } public override int area () { Console.WriteLine("Rectangle class area :"); return (width * height); } } class Triangle: Shape { public Triangle(int a = 0, int b = 0): base(a, b) { } public override int area() { Console.WriteLine("Triangle class area :"); return (width * height / 2); } } class Caller { public void CallArea(Shape sh) { int a; a = sh.area(); Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", a); } } class Tester { static void Main(string[] args) { Caller c = new Caller(); Rectangle r = new Rectangle(10, 7); Triangle t = new Triangle(10, 5); c.CallArea(r); c.CallArea(t); Console.ReadKey(); } } }