Question

fill out the following for Aspergillosis, Mycetoma and Zygomycosis

a) mode of infection

b) organs affected

c) diagnosis

d) treatment

Answer 1

1 Aspergillosis : Is a infection caused by type of mold (aspergillases)

Organ affected : The illness resulting from aspergillasis usually affect the respiratory system, infection can spread through the blood affects heart, skin, brain and kidneys.

Mode of transmission : Inhalation of airborne conida (spores produced by fungi) through water, hospital fabric and plastic is also source for aspergillosis

Diagnosis : skin, sputum, blood test will be helpfull in confirming bronchiopulmonary aspergillasis, blood test look for high level of certain antibodied, chest x-ray of CT scan can reveal a fungal mass

Treatment : Antifungal like Vonicanazole, Itrocanazole are very effective.

2. Mycetoma : Is a chronic infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue which can be caused by the bacteria or fungal

Mode of infection : Transmissiion can occur when the casuative organism enter the body through penetrating injury commonly through thorn pricks, it is more commom in bare footed people, when infection caused by fungi it is known as eumycetoma, and when it is caused by baacteria it is known as actina mycotic.

Diagnosis : diagnosis of mycetoma can be done by classic triad, microscopic observation can be done, ellisa test for detection of antibodies can also be done.

Treatment : Imidazole, ketoconazol is an effective antifungal, if it is bacterial origin than it can be treated by a broad spectrum antibiotic.

3. Zygomycosis : Is the infection caused by the bread mold fungi of the zygomycota phylum.

Mode of infection : Most common route is the inhalation of spores of zygomicosis fungi from the enviornment nosocanal transmission can also occur, it frequently infects sinus, brain or lungs, infection of the oral cavity ismost common, it can also affect the skin.

Diagnosis ; defenitive diagnosis of zygomycosis caused by mucorales can be made by histpathological examination.

Treatment : Antifungal like Amphotercin B was widely used, recently new Azole group of antifungal has been approved eg isavuconazole