Question

Dinitrophenol (DPN) is a small molecule that renders membranes permeable to protons. In the 1940's, small amounts of the highly toxic compound were given to patients to induce weight loss. DNP was effective in producing weight loss, especially loss of fat reserves. Explain how it might cause such loss. As an unpleasant side effect, however, patients had elevated temperatures and sweated profusely during the treatment Provide an explanation for these symptoms. Is there any natural mechanism in the body a similar means of heat generation ellipsis explain your answer. (slightly modified 14-1).

Answer 1

Answer

Dinitrophenol (DPN) is chemical a uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation which causes the dissipation of proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by interacting with phospholipid bilayer on the inner mitochondrial membrane. DNP dissipate the proton gradient, therefore, proton gradient will not be used for the efficient production of ATP in electron transport system which in turn increase the basal metabolic rate by enhancing the oxidation of carbohydrate and fat. Enhanced fat and carbohydrate oxidation are majorly contributed to the weight loss.

DNP causes weight loss however associated with unpleasant side effect e.g. elevated temperature and sweating, it happens because DNP dissipates the proton gradient which is meant for ATP production now will produce heat rather than ATP.

Natural uncoupler is also present the system in the form of protein (Uncoupling protein) which is present in the inner membrane of mitochondria which dissipate the proton gradient thus oxidative energy will not produce heat rather it will produce heat. It is a normal homeostasis process of the body which especially generate heat during cold or hibernation.