Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is one of the most recently
evolved areas in human and primate brains.
It undergoes an extremely prolonged period of maturation lately
until adulthood.
It is a functional zone and is located in the male frontal
gyrus in man and around principal sulcus in primates.
Its main functions are executive like working memory, planning,
inhibition, abstract reasoning, cognitive flexibility. It is the
highest cortical area involved in motor planning, organisation and
regulation. Its secondary functions are social cognition like
telling lies, deception -etc.
Thus defects in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
cause short delay in the working memory and all other options above
are unrelated to this zone.
Hippocampus is an area of brain concerned with short term and
long term memory.
With advancing age the size of brain decreases so does the size
of hippocampus. Learning ability decreases with age.
But recent studies have shown that neurogenesis occurs in
hippocampus in exercising individuals.
People who continue exercise into their old age have shown very
less reduction of the brain tissue.
Thus neurogenesis in hippocampus is enhanced by
exercise.