Question

Can somebody give me a good explanation for these?

1.) Detail the cellular evidence that all living cells are descended from a common ancestor. Employ at least five independent lines of evidence.

2.) Describe the entire process of a hydrophobic hormone exerting its effect on a cell.

3.) A water-soluble hormone called “Lentsin-tensin” causes kidney tubule cells to activate an enzyme called “Bad-Molecule-Pumper-Outer,” aka BMPO9. BMPO9 is always there, waiting in the cytosol to be activated. All it needs to become active is an increase in calcium in the cytosol. Describe (in complete sentences) the signal transduction pathway that could mediate the activation of BMPO9 by Lents-tensin.

Answer 1

2) The hydrophobic hormones are also called steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol molecules. They are lipid soluble and readily pass through membrane of cells that synthesize them. The process of a hydrophobic hormone exerting its effect on a cell is as follows:

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For example, Estrogen and progesterone are both steroid hormones, which interact via receptor molecules. These receptor molecules provide a gateway by which the hormones interact with DNA and regulate gene expression.

3)

The signal transduction pathway that could mediate the activation of BMPO9 by Lents-tensin is: Inositol trisphosphate signaling pathway.