Question

name TWO mechanisms of control of gene expression that are only used by eukaryotes and discuss why each of those mechanisms wouldn’t be possible in prokaryotes.

Answer 1

In eukaryotes, post-transcriptional and post-translational control are possible but not for the prokaryotes.

In eukaryotes, transcription happens in the nucleus and after transcription, the nascent mRNA undergoes several mRNA processing even like 5' capping, splicing, alternative splicing and 3' tailing which are not possible for prokaryotes as they lack this complete mRNA modification system and co-transcriptional translation happens in prokaryotes.

In eukaryotes, the synthesized protein undergoes further processing inside the ER and Golgi bodies if needed but this system is not present in prokaryotic cells.

Moreover, the eukaryotic cells also regulates gene expression by histone modification which is not observed in the prokaryotes.