Question

Anthropologists use the term civilization to refer to: a. Societies that have religious ethics and high moral codes. b. Societies without inequality and violence. c. Societies with a centralized authority and urban settlements. d. Societies with highly developed forms of art, culture and literature. Which of the following is not among the three primary goals of archaeology? a. processual archaeology b. cultural change c. culture history d. cultural reconstruction. In any body of layered, undisturbed sediment, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest layers are at the top. This describes the: a. theory of relativity b. principle of arbitrary stratigraphy c. principle of geological nomenclature d. principle of superposition.According to the theory of cultural ecology: a. man has to maintain the environment b. it is easy to date an archaeological site by the environment in which it is found c. humans are immune to the effects of the environment d. culture is an adaptation to the environment. Which of the following items is not used in absolute dating? a. radiocarbon b. historical records c. seriation d. dendrochronology e. potassium argon. The general class of dating methods that tells only whether one event is older or younger than another is known as: a. absolute dating b. relative dating c. radiocarbon dating d. cross dating e. none of the above. Archaeologists commonly use grid systems in the process of excavating sites because: a. they provide a means for sampling different portions of a site to dig b. there is less surface area exposed than with circular pits or units c. most prehistoric sites and ruins were originally laid out using square grids d. they provide a means for recording the provenience of artifacts found during excavations e. both a and d. Which of the following is the reason “meticulous records” are kept when a site is excavated? a. excavation essentially destroys a site b. artifact locations can be placed in three dimensions c. the age of artifacts may be known through relative dating d. all of the above e. none of the above. Which of the following would not be an archaeological site? a. a prehistoric hunting camp b. an underwater shipwreck c. a cave used for shelter d. battlefield e. all of the above are archaeological sites

Answer 1

Answer:

Question number 1. Option D, Societies with highly developed forms of art, culture and literature.

Reason : sir edwrad toylor has written in his book that culture or civilization is  knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any habits or capabilities acquired by a man as a member of the society.

Question No. 2 Option B , cultural change

Reason : archaeology is the study of human nature and culture by studying the human remains in the environment from the history. So processual archaeology, culture history and culture reconstruction at looking at the remains are primary goals but briging a cultural change is not the primary goal of archaeology.

Question No. 3 Option D

Reason : If we look at the definition of different laws of stratigraphy, law of superposition says that in a stratified layer, upper layers are the youngest and the bottom layers are the oldest.

Question No. 4 Option D

Reason: Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution which was written by anthropologist julian steward has written different ways how the culture change is induced by adaptation to the environment.