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The energy to synthesize ATP comes from substrate level phosphorylation and coupled (redox) reactions. the sun....

The energy to synthesize ATP comes from

substrate level phosphorylation and coupled (redox) reactions.

the sun.

the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.

the synthesis of complex sugar molecules from monosaccharide subunits.

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Answer is substrate level phosphorylation and coupled(redox) reactions.
The direct transfer of phosphoryl group to ADP or GDP results in the formation of ATP and the phosphoryl group is obtained from other phosphorylated compound.
This reaction is called substrate level phosphorylation and it is a metabolic reaction. This reaction provides quicker and less efficient source of ATP.
The oxidative phosphorylation reaction produce most of the ATP in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Coupled reactions are also used for the synthesis of ATP by phosphorylating the ADP. Combining the inorganic phosphate to ADP also produce ATP which is a non spontaneous reaction.
This reaction is get coupled with the oxidation of the NADH and FADH2 and these are synthesized from the glycolysis reaction and citric acid cycle.

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