Question

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Topic: Electronic Structures of Cations

Answer 1

Electronic Structure of Cations

The way we assign electronic structure for cations is similar to that for neutral atoms in their ground state. Therefore we follow three important principles

1. Aufbau's Principle

2. Pauli-exclusion Principle and

3. Hund's Rule

The electronic structure of Cation is assigned by removing electrons from the outermost shell i.e., the number equivalent of charge will be removed as electrons.

Electronic Configuration of Ca (Z=20) is 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P64S2

Electronic Configuration of Ca2+ (Z=20) is 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6

The electronic configuration of Ca2+ is same as that of the noble gas Argon (Ar, Z=18) and it follows the 18 electron rule. They are called isoelectronic because both of them have the same number of electrons.

Using the electronic structure of cations of transition metals, we can study their magnetic behaviour whether it is paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

Paramagnetism occurs when a metal atom possesses one or more unpaired electrons. The unpaired electrons are attracted by the magnetic field. Diamagnetism occurs when a metal atom possesses paired electrons. There is no magnetic moment and the atom cannot be attracted by the applied magnetic field.

Electronic configuration of Cu (Z=29) is 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P64S2 3d 9

(Paramagnetic, 1 unpaired electron in 3d 9)

Electronic configuration of Cu+ (Z=28) is 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P64S2 3d 8

(Diamagnetic, no unpaired electrons)

The basic rule for writing the electronic configuration using Aufbau Principle is depicted in the picture

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