Question

Using the equation for the Second Law of Thermodynamics, explain the consequences upon free energy ( ?G) when a solute is transported across a membrane using active transport.

Answer 1

The movement

The movement of any molecule og ion down or up a concentration gradient involves a change in free energy, AC. The movement of molecule elown a concentration gradient releases energy , 50, ocs is negative. the movement of molecule against a concentration gradient consumes energy, so an is positive. → AS active transpoot consumes enesgy, • A6 is positive equation: The amount of free energy released on consumed can be calculated from the 40 = free energy change. R = 2, the gas constantin AG = RTIO [xlin O calmolky. [x]out: T - OK. ima natural logarithm. rx] in = The hotel concentration inside the cell. [x]out = concentration outside the cell.