14. If drinking water were in limited supply, what will be true of the mammalian kidney?...
14. If drinking water were in limited supply, what will be true of the mammalian kidney?
Nephrons will allow most of the water in the initial filtrate to be excreted
The transport epithelium of nephrons will start to use ATP to power osmosis
Nephrons will remove all nitrogenous waste products in the form of uric acid
The urine produced by nephrons will be hyperosmotic relative to blood
Homework Answers
The urine produced by nephrons will be hyperosmotic relative to blood
- When water intake is large enough to dilute blood plasma of the animal, urine more diluted than blood plasma is produced; when water intake is so small that blood plasma is concentrated, urine more concentrated than blood plasma is produced.
- If the blood osmolarity rises, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the posterior pituitary.
- ADH acts directly on the aquaporins (membrane channel proteins) in the collecting duct epithelia of nephrons, so that the membrane channels are fully ‘opened’ and water moves passively by osmosis out into the interstitial tissues from the collecting duct. This results in concentrated urine.
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