Homework Answers
3. RNA polymerase is the pivotal enzyme for the process of transcription. It uses DNA as a transcript and produce mRNA (pre mRNA). The process of transcription does not involve codons. Translation or protein production from mRNA involve codons. So, RNA polymerase neither start transcription from start codon (AUG) nor stops when it encounter a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA). RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA and transcription ending depends upon rho-factor or hairpin loop.
4. a) Introns are non-coding regions found in between the functional coding regions i.e. the exons. If a hypothetical gene contains 6 exons the it would contain (n-1) introns [Where n=Number of exons]
=(6-1)=5 introns (Ans)
4. b) The start codon can be in any of exons. All the sequence upstream to it form the 5'-UTR (Untranslated Region) but does not get translated into protein. If the start codon was present in only first exon but after alternative splicing that exon was spliced out so no translation could occur from that gene. So, it is not mandatory that start codon should occur only at first exon it can occur in any of the exons.
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Problems 3. Does RNA polymerase stop transcribing when it comes to a stop codon? Explain. and...
OLU Ucues Assignment 4c. In eukaryotes, genes are composed of exons and introns, with only exons...
OLU Ucues Assignment 4c. In eukaryotes, genes are composed of exons and introns, with only exons included in the mRNA. Each gene also has its own adjacent promoter, to which the transcribing enzyme RNA polymerase binds. Related genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome as a “gene family." Answer each of the following questions in the answer box of the assignment. You may also write the answers directly into the assignment document and then upload your answers. Number...
3of 3 9. The figure below represents the primary transcript of a gene that contains four exons (A, B, C, D) and two introns. The dark block in exon B indicates the position of an additional stop...
3of 3 9. The figure below represents the primary transcript of a gene that contains four exons (A, B, C, D) and two introns. The dark block in exon B indicates the position of an additional stop codon; the normal start and stop codons for translation are present in exons A and D respectively. The two arrows indicate alternative 3' splice sites for the first intron Pre-mRNA 5'I 3' intron intron Give a schematic representation of the mature mRNAs that...
2. When transcribing an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase uses the strand of DNA to match complementary...
2. When transcribing an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase uses the strand of DNA to match complementary bases with. RNA polymerase always reads this strand in the direction and always builds mRNA in the direction. (1.5 pts) 3. (0.5 pt) What is the significance of the +1 site in regards to transcription of mRNA? t) When translating an mRNA sequence, where does the ribosome always begin? 5. (0.5 pt) When translating an mRNA sequence, what signals the ribosome to end translation?...
1) Which of the following is FALSE about RNA polymerase?It does NOT require a primer to...
1) Which of the following is FALSE about RNA polymerase?It does NOT require a primer to begin synthesis It synthesizes RNA 5’ to 3’ It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds It only transcribes one of the two DNA strands for any particular gene It only transcribes exons 2)Which of the following is not synthesized from, or does not use DNA as a template? Introns Poly A tail Ribosomal binding site Primase RNA polymerase 3) Which of the following is...
Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in red blood cells. It binds to oxygen in...
Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in red blood cells. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and it carries it to tissues and cells throughout the body. Hemoglobin is made of four polypeptide chains, two called “alpha-globins” (a) and two “beta-globins" (B). The B-globin polypeptide is produced in the cells based on the sequence of the HBB gene. The structure of the HBB gene that codes for beta-globin is represented below. The primary transcript is 1606 nucleotides long....
where does transcription begin 3. List the major types of RNA and include what they code...
where does transcription begin
3. List the major types of RNA and include what they code for, their function in the cell and which type is translated. 4. If a bacterial protein has 2,500 amino acids long, how many nucleotide pairs long is the ger sequence that codes for it? 5. Where does transcription begin? 6. What is the template and nontemplate strands of DNA? 7. Why is only one strand transcribed, and is the same strand of DNA always...
When a stop codon is in place at the ribosomal A site, a ________________ factor binds...
When a stop codon is in place at the ribosomal A site, a ________________ factor binds to the site instead of a new aminoacyl-tRNA. List two specific causes of DNA mutations. One of the ways chromatin remodeling occurs to allow gene expression is ____________________ of ______________ residues of histones. During translation, elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G use hydrolysis of the energy molecule ________ to successfully complete their tasks The __________________________________ sequence is a consensus sequence (in prokaryotic mRNAs only) that signals...
25. What binds to a stop codon on a mRNA during translation? a. transcription factor c....
25. What binds to a stop codon on a mRNA during translation? a. transcription factor c. termination factor b. tRNA d. transcription initiator 26. What is typically attached to the acceptor end of a tRNA? a. a protein b. an amino acid C a ribosome d. a nucleosome 27. During mRNA processing, what is put on the 3' end of a primary mRNA transcript? a. a poly-A tail b. a cap d. an intron c. an exon 28. Which of...
4) What happens when the ribosomal complex encounters a stop codon? Explain which, if any, tRNAs...
4) What happens when the ribosomal complex encounters a stop codon? Explain which, if any, tRNAs or proteins are involved 5)If the following DNA strand was used as a template, what would the sequence of an RNA be? 5́ GTACCGTC 3́ 6) How does acetylation of the chromatin affect the translation of genes contained within? In other words, does acetylation allow or inhibit transcription, and how?
Which of the following statements is true? A. RNA polymerase has a proofreading activity B. Prokaryotic...
Which of the following statements is true? A. RNA polymerase has a proofreading activity B. Prokaryotic RNA usually undergoes nuclear processing C. Polypeptides are synthesized by addition of amino acids to the amino terminus. D. The 3' end of mRNA corresponds to the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Grade 2. Which of the following A. It may be autocatalytic. B. Spliceosomes are present in organelles and nuclei C. It involves removal of exons is true regarding RNA processing? D. It...
OLU Ucues Assignment 4c. In eukaryotes, genes are composed of exons and introns, with only exons included in the mRNA. Each gene also has its own adjacent promoter, to which the transcribing enzyme RNA polymerase binds. Related genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome as a “gene family." Answer each of the following questions in the answer box of the assignment. You may also write the answers directly into the assignment document and then upload your answers. Number...
3of 3 9. The figure below represents the primary transcript of a gene that contains four exons (A, B, C, D) and two introns. The dark block in exon B indicates the position of an additional stop codon; the normal start and stop codons for translation are present in exons A and D respectively. The two arrows indicate alternative 3' splice sites for the first intron Pre-mRNA 5'I 3' intron intron Give a schematic representation of the mature mRNAs that...
2. When transcribing an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase uses the strand of DNA to match complementary bases with. RNA polymerase always reads this strand in the direction and always builds mRNA in the direction. (1.5 pts) 3. (0.5 pt) What is the significance of the +1 site in regards to transcription of mRNA? t) When translating an mRNA sequence, where does the ribosome always begin? 5. (0.5 pt) When translating an mRNA sequence, what signals the ribosome to end translation?...
Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in red blood cells. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and it carries it to tissues and cells throughout the body. Hemoglobin is made of four polypeptide chains, two called “alpha-globins” (a) and two “beta-globins" (B). The B-globin polypeptide is produced in the cells based on the sequence of the HBB gene. The structure of the HBB gene that codes for beta-globin is represented below. The primary transcript is 1606 nucleotides long....
where does transcription begin
3. List the major types of RNA and include what they code for, their function in the cell and which type is translated. 4. If a bacterial protein has 2,500 amino acids long, how many nucleotide pairs long is the ger sequence that codes for it? 5. Where does transcription begin? 6. What is the template and nontemplate strands of DNA? 7. Why is only one strand transcribed, and is the same strand of DNA always...
25. What binds to a stop codon on a mRNA during translation? a. transcription factor c. termination factor b. tRNA d. transcription initiator 26. What is typically attached to the acceptor end of a tRNA? a. a protein b. an amino acid C a ribosome d. a nucleosome 27. During mRNA processing, what is put on the 3' end of a primary mRNA transcript? a. a poly-A tail b. a cap d. an intron c. an exon 28. Which of...
Which of the following statements is true? A. RNA polymerase has a proofreading activity B. Prokaryotic RNA usually undergoes nuclear processing C. Polypeptides are synthesized by addition of amino acids to the amino terminus. D. The 3' end of mRNA corresponds to the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Grade 2. Which of the following A. It may be autocatalytic. B. Spliceosomes are present in organelles and nuclei C. It involves removal of exons is true regarding RNA processing? D. It...
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