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8. Genetic manipulation often involves vectors. In this context, define the term vector and describe the properties common to
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Definition: Vector is a DNA molecule which carries a desirable gene and transfers it to the host cell during the genetic engineering experiments such as cloning.

Properties of vectors:

1. Vector should have a origin of replication for its autonomous replication in host cells.

2. Vector should contain multiple cloning sites (restriction sites) for nick formation.

3. Vector should contain selectable markers for screening of recombinant and nonrecombinants. Examples of selectable markers are Antibiotics resistance gene, LacZ gene, etc.

4. Vector should have smaller size but able to integrate larger foreign DNA.

5. It should be easy to isolate from host cells.

6. Vector should have a high copy number per cell.

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