Question

• How does bone remodeling cause osteoporosis and what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? Why are women at greater risk for developing osteoporosis than men? . If your mother were approaching menopause, what advice would you give her to help her maintain bone density?

Answer 1

1. Bone remodeling, a process by which bone resorption by osteoclasts is followed by bone formation by osteoblasts, is an essential physiological process regulating bone mass and strength. one remodelling in the adult follows a precise sequence of cellular events, activation, bone resorption, reversal phase and then, bone formation.During growth, bone formation exceeds bone resorption, resulting in bone expansion. Osteoporosis develops when bone density decreases ie, when there is an imbalance between new bone formation and old bone resorption. The body reabsorbs more bone tissue and produces less to replace it.

The following are the symptoms of Osteoporosis

• Height loss or stooped posture

• Pain or aching in the bones/joints

• Bones that easily fracture

• Sudden back pain

• Fractures of the spine, wrist, or hip

• Low bone density

Osteoporosis is the thinning of your bones. In the young adult, bone resorption is balanced by bone formation, resulting in maintenance of bone mass. Osteoporosis is more likely to affect older women than men. It affects about 25 percent of women over age 65 and 5 percent of men over age 65. One reason for this is the impact of falling estrogen levels after menopause. A consistent estrogen level is important for maintaining the rhythm of bone remodeling. If estrogen levels decrease, this changes the levels of certain messaging chemicals that help maintain a healthy balance of bone production and breakdown. Osteoclasts then become more active without estrogen, and your body breaks down more bone.

2. Advice to maintain Bone density

• exercises to promote flexibility and balance, such as yoga, which can reduce the risk of falls and fractures
• Maintaining a healthy body weight
• Increase calcium intake, calcium builds strong bones, and the best source is your diet. Good sources of calcium are low-fat milk, Green leafy vegetables,Brussels sprouts, broccoli,cabbage, and turnip greens.
• Vitamin D, vitamin D helps to absorb calcium.
• Avoiding smoking, as this can reduce the growth of new bone and decrease estrogen levels in women.
• Avoid alcohol intake and having an eating disorder,These interfere with your ability to absorb necessary nutrients, such as calcium and vitamin D.
• Having your vision evaluated regularly