Question

Develop a theory of the bioenergetics constraints that drive the evolution of chromatin organization and mechanisms of DNA replication. You must describe the selective pressures that cause this adaptation and incorporate synthesis of general knowledge concerning DNA organization/function

Answer 1

Dna is hub of genetic information a individual has in terms of what he/she has acquired during the time of formation. The bioenergetic constraints that drives the evolution of chromatin organization and mechanisms of DNA replication is the gene expression and protein synthesis. These two mechanism define the significance of DNA in humans body.DNA replication is a process by which Dna is replicated from a template strand of DNA in 5'-3' manner. Dna is replicated to ensure that there is a copy of DNA present for the future progeny when the cells divide.After the Dna is replicated, it is also transcribed into mRna and this mRna is translated into proteins to further expression is proceeded .The ultimate goal of DNA and its chromating organization is to produce genotypical and phenotypical effects . Dna is about 3 metres in length and to fit such huge length of structure in DNA could be complex. So it packaged in the Nucleus and this chromatin condensation is done by using histones proteins at first. Dna is packed in a nucleosome model with histone proteins attached to it. Further more compaction of DNA occurs by formation of chromatin fibres. The compaction stage of DNA is chromosomes in which all the genetic material and genes are stored.There are few places in chromosomes which are tightly packed and are known as heterochromatin while loosely packed DNA that will be used for further expression is known as euchromatin. During cell division, these structures copy and increase themselves. If we talk about the pressures that cause this adaptation is that first it need to be co-operated into the a very small space. This space called Nucleus has to have all the genes as they are going to replicate, transcribed and further form proteins fro expression. Gene expression through proteins is very necessary because without proteins and their significant effects , no metabolic , physiological activity is possible . individuals existence depends upon the genetic constituents it has.

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