Question

1a- What is cyanobacteria?

1b-How does emulsification help digestion

1c- Describe hoe to calculate total magnifacation of a microscope

1d- What is diffusion and osmosis and how are they different

Answer 1

1. Cyanobacteria is commonly known as blue green algae. It is prokaryotic in nature because it does not contain nucleus and other membrane bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast are also absent. But it contains pigment like phycocyanin and phycoerythrin in chromatophores. These are meant for performing oxygenic photosynthesis.

2. Emulsification means breaking down. Emulsification of fats occur by the breaking down of fat molecules into small fat globules. It increases the surface area of fats so, that it can easily be acted upon by enzymes called as lipases and then converted into fatty acids and glycerol. Emulsification of fats occurs with the help of bile juice.

3. Magnification means enlargement of a specimen by the microscope. In real, it is the product of magnification of objective lenses and magnification of ocular lens. The final magnification of the specimen that we see is actually obtained by the magnification of objective lenses and ocular lenses separately.

4. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration but Osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. In both the cases, the transport of molecules occur along the concentration gradient and both of them do not require any membrane protein and ATP.

But diffusion does not require selectively permeable membrane like osmosis and diffusion can occur in any molecule but of occur only in solvent molecules.

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