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CHEMICAL REACTION break down? or build up? catabolic? or anabolic? energy released? or energy required? AG>O? or AG<O? spontaneous? or not spontaneous? OK Gere reaction? I H - I-00 -OH reaction?

Answer 1

1. In the top figure, a disaccharide reacts with water to produce two monosaccharides. Thus, the disaccharide is said to be broken down. This type of reaction wherein a complex macromolecule is converted to a simple macromolecule is called catabolism. Hence the reaction is catabolic. The energy is involves breaking of oligosaccharide bonds. The energy that is stored in the bonds is released in the process. As argued earlier, the reaction involves the release of energy. Additionally, the reaction converts N molecules to 2N molecules. Hence it increases the disorder or the entropy of the system. Overall the reaction is favored and hence has a negative dG. Thus the reaction is spontaneous.

2. In the bottom figure, a glycerol molecule combines with a fatty acyl chain. Hence the reaction involves the formation of bonds. Since the reaction is forming a more complex macromolecule from two simple molecules, it belongs to the class of reactions called anabolic reactions. The reaction here involves losing a water molecule at the expense of the formation of an acyl bond. Hence a bond is formed in the reaction and thus energy is consumed. Clearly the entropy is also decreased and hence the dG is positive. Since the dG is greater than 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous.