Question

QUESTIONS 7 - 11 Use the SAME letters above to answer the following questions 7. In eukaryotic organisms, mRNA that is made from DNA is almost always much larger right after it is synthesized compared to when it finally engages with a ribosome to make a protein. This process is called 8. In the process defined in question 7, is/are cut out of the DNA. 9. In eukaryotic organisms, activators bind to control regions called that are distant from the gene itself 10. Gene expression can be regulated at the level of ___; this type of modification includes histone acetylation and DNA methylation. 11. ___can regulate eukaryotic gene expression by blocking translation or degrading mRNAs. 12. Both liver and lens cells have the genes for making the proteins albumin and crystallin but only liver cells make albumin and only lens cells make crystallin. This is because A. the control elements for the genes in both cell types are the same but there are different activator proteins in the different cell types B. the operons controlling albumin and crystallin gene expression in the liver and lens cells are regulated by different activators C. The liver and lens cells each have a particular combination of control elements as well as the appropriate activators for those control elements. D. no appropriate answer Use the following answers for questions 13 - 14 A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 7 E. 8 F. 14 G. 16 H. 28 J. 32 K. 56 13. The haploid gametes of a diploid organism have 14 chromosomes each. The fertilized diploid zygote would have chromosomes.

Answer 1

7. RNA processing/splicing

RNA processing is the process which occurs on premature messenger RNA formed immediately after transcription. It is converted into mature messenger RNA by this process. The first step in the process is capping and the second step is tailing. In capping, methylguanine is added at 5' end and in tailing adenine residues are added at 3' end.

In the process of splicing, which occurs next to capping and tailing, introns are removed and exons are joined together. This decreases the length of messenger RNA.

8. Introns

The non coding sequences of DNA are called as introns and the coding sequence is called as exon.

9. Enhancers

Enhancers are sequences on DNA to which proteins called as activators bind to increase the rate of gene expression.

Silencer or insulators are sequences on DNA to which proteins called as repressors bind to decrease the rate of gene expression.

10. Histone

Histones are the proteins associated with DNA. They help in the extensive Packaging of DNA inside the nucleus.

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