Question

Transmission of a Bunyavirus is by insects and ticks. Explain the remainder of the other factors(host, vectors, etc) that are needed for completing "disease/sickness" in humans and WHY?

Answer 1

1. Bunyaviridae are transmitted by hematophagous arthopods including mosquitoes,midges,flies&ticks, insects.
2. The viral incubation period is about 48 hours.Symptomatic infection typically causes non-specific flu-like symptoms with fever lasting for about three days.
3. Bunyavirus comprising around 530 viruses infecting insects,plant's,vertebrates,ticks& formerly divided into five genera.
4. The other factor host &vectors that are needed for competing disease/sickness in humans:- Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans.Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal)& later inject it into a new host during their subsequently blood meal.
5. Mosquitoes are the best known disease vector. Others include ticks,flies,fleas,sandflies,triatomine bugs & some freshwater aquatic snails.
6. Mosquitoes are perhaps the best known invertebrates vector & transmit a wide range of tropical disease including malaria,dengue,fever& yellow fever.Another large group of vectors are flies.
7. Vector-borne diseases are illnesses that are transmitted by vectors can carry infective pathogens such as viruses,bacteria,protozoa, which can be transferred from one host (carrier) to another.
8. This is why because the main vectors of CCHFV are hard ticks of the 'Hyalomma' genus which have a very wide geographic distribution.
9. The virus demonstrate very low vector specificity & has been isolated from 31 ixodid tick species & two argasid tick species. CCHFV is nonpathogenic in it's natural hosts but highly pathogenic in humans; transmission to human occurs through tick bite, crushing of engorged ticks, or contact with infected animal blood.
10. The most veterinary important nairovirus is NSDV, causing lethal hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in small ruminants in Africa and india.