24. In terms of the evolution of the vertebrate brain, one trend that is evident, especially if one compares the brains of amphibians to those of mammals, is the complete covering of the __________ by the __________:
a. cerebellum/pons.
b. midbrain/forebrain.
c. midbrain/hindbrain.
d. forebrain/brain stem.
e. thalamus/hypothalamus.
In general, the brains of younger mammals exhibit greater __________ when compared to the brains of older mammals:
a. size.
b. efficiency.
c. conductivity.
d. plasticity.
e. tenderness and flavor.
The autonomic and somatic nervous systems together comprise the __________:
a. central nervous system.
b. endocrine system.
c. peripheral nervous system.
d. peri-vertebral nervous system.
With regard to the embryonic development of the mammalian brain, the most correct of the following sequences is __________:
a. proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and apoptosis.
b. differentiation, migration, proliferation, myelination, and apoptosis.
c. proliferation, differentiation, migration, myelination, and synaptogenesis.
d. proliferation, differentiation, migration, synaptogenesis, and myelination.
e. both c and d.
Compared to ionotropic effects, metabotropic effects__________:
a. have more rapid onsets and persist for shorter periods of time.
b. have less rapid onsets and persist for shorter periods of time.
c. have more rapid onsets and persist for longer periods of time.
d. have less rapid onsets and persist for longer periods of time.
e. both a and c.
24. Generally the structural and functional organized part of the brain of amphibian involves many features, such as size, little cell migration or the areal differentiation. Evolutionary specialization are apparent, mostly in anurans where expanded visual and midbrain areas are present.
The forebrain include many of the vertebrate system.
Therefore, the option (b) is correct.
Younger mamals brain shows laminar structure of neocotex which is very useful, therefore, every mammals retain dorsal cap which exceeds.
Varrying accross mammals in absolute size, in size related to rest of the brain and also in number of functional farther cortical area.
This makes the option (a) correct.
Somatic nervous system comes from peripheral nervous system, where autonomic nervous system also the part of PNS.
Somatic nervous system controls body movements connected with skeletalmuscles and skin with the help of neirons.
Autonomic nervous system shows the function of controlling consciousness and visceral function.
This makes the option (c) correct
Embryonic brain development sequence follows the sequence of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis and apoptosis.
Mamalian brain development includes magnetic resonance imaging, myelination, neurogenesis. These are the keywords for the brain development.
proliferation is spontaneous cell grow in number.
migration is actually neural migration in which neuron travel from birthplace to final place in the brain.
The third process is differentiation in brain development helps in maturation . The given population of neurons leads to sub population which is specific to nervous system parts.
synaptogenesis is the synapse development between nervous sytem and neurons.
.apoptosis is the form of PCD also known ascell death charaterized by chromatin condensation, intanct plasma membrane in early phase, DNA fragmentation or shrinkage of the cell.
This makes the option (a) correct.
Metabotropic have longer lasting effect and open very soon but stays open for milliseconds. It has an extracellular domain which includes a neurotransmitterbinding site and intracellular domain that bonds to G-protein.
Thus, option (a) is correct
24. In terms of the evolution of the vertebrate brain, one trend that is evident, especially...