Question

Please make sure you typed the answer, not write, and explain the answer in details please. paragraph format please.

3. Compare the light reaction of photosynthesis with oxidative phosphorylation. In what ways are these similar? In what ways are they different? You may wish to describe each process.

Answer 1

3.

Photophosphorylation occurs during photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.

Explanation:-

Both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) are processes cells use to make energy in the form of ATP.

The similarities:-

• in both cases electrons are transferred through a series of membrane proteins
• the electrons provide energy to pump protons (H+) to one side of the membrane
• the protons flow back through a special enzyme (ATP-synthase) which makes ATP

The differences:-

• when it occurs:
  oxphos occurs during cellular respiration ↔
  photophosphorylation occurs during photosynthesis
• where it occurs: oxphos occurs inside mitochondria ↔ photophosphorylation occurs inside thylakoids (in chloroplasts)
• energy source: the energy source for oxphos is glucose ↔ the energy source for photophosphorylation sunlight.
• electron acceptor: in oxphos the final electron acceptor is molecular oxygen ↔
  in photophosphorylation the final electron acceptor is NADP+.

4.  Alcoholic fermentation is a biochemical process in which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into small amounts of ATP, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide during the process.

C3H3O3 (pyruvate) + NADH → C2H5OH (ethyl alcohol) + CO2 + NAD+

Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and NAD+. The NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue making ATP.

Situation where alcohol fermentation might occur:-

When no oxygen is readily available, alcohol fermentation occurs in the cytosol of yeast cells.

Example to inhibit this process:-

By simply adding the Potassium Sorbate along with the sugar that is added for sweetening. The Potassium Sorbate stops the wine yeast from fermenting the newly added sugar.