Question

(3) (a) Define coevolution. (b) Describe an example of how coevolution might act in a particular example of mutualism.

Answer 1

Answer 3(a) Coevolution is the process by which two or more species evolve in tandem by exerting selection pressures on each other.

(b) Yes , coevolution acts on a mutualism also.

Modern insect-pollinated (entomophilous) flowers are conspicuously coadapted with insects to ensure pollination and in return to reward the pollinators with nectar and pollen. The two groups have coevolved for over 100 million years, creating a complex network of interactions. Either they evolved together, or at some later stages they came together, likely with pre-adaptations, and became mutually adapted.

Answer(7) Yes, parasite can affect human behaviour by disturbing their metabolism, development or immunity.

Parasitic castrators drastically modify their hosts' metabolism and reproduction, sometimes by secreting castrating hormones, changing their behavior and physiology to benefit the parasite.