Question

QUESTION 13 Elie Wollman and Francois Jacob (and others) developed a linkage map of E. coll that is based on time. What form of recombination is involved in generating this type of linkage map? transduction transformation conjugation QUESTION 14 This is a picture of the E. colibacterium.

Answer 1

13. Wollman and Francois Jacob formed a linkage map of E.coli based on bacterial conjugation. They investigated the transmission pattern of Hfr genes to F Negative cells. They concluded that gene transfer occurs from a fixed point on the donor chromosome and continues in a linear manner.
The explanation of this experiment is quite lengthy so if you want to know about it please as in a different question separately.

14. False, it is not E.coli bacterium. It is in fact bacteriophage. Bacteriophages are type of viruses that infect the bacterial cells. You can see a more elaborate diagram on google.
15

DNA DNA a head head المللی at sheath tail ibres... Spikes

15. False, Mendel conducted his experiments before the discovery of DNA and chromosome. Mendel has no idea that the heritable traits that he was working on was intact genes and are in the form of nucleotide chains. Mendel just looked at the phenotypic characters and gave an idea about genotypes . Though there was no information about genes back then, he was way ahead of his time in coming to the conclusion that there are two alleles for every trait. Mendels laws still hold true for the basics of genetics.

16. For transformation , the cells should be competent to take up foreign DNA. After transformation the new DNA that is formed by the process is called competent strand.
Heteroduplex is a DNA-RNA strand. Prophage is the DNA that has phage genome incorporated in it.

17. Conjugation involves the F factor. As conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between to cells by a bridge like connection. This is called sexual reproduction or mating. F plasmid is important for pilus formation.