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how do 21 cm radio observations reveal the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy?

how do 21 cm radio observations reveal the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy?

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Actually, 21 cm is a radiation spectrum. From this spectrum, we can see that hydrogen clouds on one side are moving away from us and on other side, they are moving towards us. Therefore, velocities can be measured from this and hence we can know about the rotation of galaxy .

The 21 cm line tells us where the hydrogen in a galaxy lies, and as that hydrogen rotates toward or away from us relative to the central red shift of the galaxy, it results in Doppler shift.

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