D-Glucose is in dynamic equilibrium between the three structures shown below. Choose the form of glucose that best satisfies each of the following characteristics.
OPTIONS ARE: alpha-D-glucopyranose, beta-D-glucopyranose, D-glucose (open chain).
1. most reactive form - ?
2. structural unit of disaccharide maltose - ?
3. structural unit of the disaccharide cellobiose - ?
4. structural unit of the polysaccharide glycogen - ?
5. structural unit of the polysaccharide cellulose - ?
Homework Answers
1. Most reactive form of D glucose is D-glucose (open chain) because it has higher reactivity than its cyclic chain isomer.
2. The structural unit of maltose is alpha-D-glucopyranose. Maltose is a disaccharide which is formed when the given molecule is forms alpha 1 to 4 glycosidic bond.'
3. The structural unit of cellobiose beta-D-glucopyranose. Cellobiose is a disaccharide is formed when the given molecule forms beta 1 to 4 glycosidic bond.
4. The structural unit of glycogen is alpha-D-glucopyranose. It is a polysaccharide which has branches every 8-10 monomer unit.
5. The structural unit of beta-D-glucopyranose. Polysaccharide cellulose is linked by beta 1 to 4 linkage.
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D-Glucose is in dynamic equilibrium between the three structures
shown below. Choose the form of glucose...
What elements make up a carbohydrate? What ratio are these always found in? molecules that combine...
What elements make up a carbohydrate? What ratio are these always found in? molecules that combine to form maltose (draw What is a disaccharide? Draw the reaction of two glucose the structures) function of starch, cellulose, and glycogen. What are polysaccharides? Describe the structure and Study the diagrams below, which show carbohydrate molecules. Beside each molecule, write whether it is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. он CH OH H HOCH но он н нон Glucose он н CH2OH...
30. Which of the choices below is the enantiomer of D-glucose? сно сно нон HO-EH сно...
30. Which of the choices below is the enantiomer of D-glucose? сно сно нон HO-EH сно на-он D-glucose Іно-Ен н -он но-Ен EH,OH сно но н-он но -н нон Сн,он но-Ен на-он но -н но-Ен н -он нон CHO но -н н-он но-Ен нон снен CHOH Сн,он 3. Which of the following structures is an a-anomer? Сн,он —о, он o ноноон нонс осн он — о оно сн, он он онон он он он он тон КСн,он y CH, OH...
Answer for 1a and 1b 1. Below are the cyclic and open-chain structures for glucose and...
Answer for 1a and 1b
1. Below are the cyclic and open-chain structures for glucose and fructose. (6 points total) а) Label each structure as glucose or fructose. (1 pt each, 4 pts) b) Glucose is a(n) and fructose is a(n). (ketose, aldose) (1 pt each, 2 pts) CH,OH -он HOCH ОН HOH н но/сн,он он OH H o=4 нон Но+н н+он н+он CH2OH CH2OH с=0 но-н нон н+он Сн,он
Please choose the correct answer: Question 1 1 pts CH-оH -о он ОН, ОН ОН The...
Please choose the correct answer:
Question 1 1 pts CH-оH -о он ОН, ОН ОН The molecular above is? alpha glucopyranose beta glucofuranose alpha fructofuranose alpha galactopyranose beta fructopyranose beta galactopyranose alpha glucofuranose beta glucopyranose Question 2 1 pts CHO Он Н OH н. н -ОН CH,он The molecule above is? galactose fructose glucose mannose ribose OOOO Question 3 1 pts СНо Н -ОН OH Н н Он CH2OH The furanose form of this molecule is which of the structures...
D-glucose is shown below in its straight-chain and ring forms. A) Put an asterisk next to...
D-glucose is shown below in its straight-chain and ring
forms.
A) Put an asterisk next to each chiral carbon in the
straight-chain form of D-glucose.
B) Label the given ring forms as the alpha or beta anomer of
D-glucose. Draw the other anomer. Which one is more stable, the
alpha or beta anomer? Explain your logic.
H Он он но H Но Но Н он H он он н но но
5. Glucose can form two different ring structures as shown. Draw a mechanism to show how...
5. Glucose can form two different ring structures as shown. Draw a mechanism to show how each is formed (don't worry about the stereochemistry around the anomeric carbon) он CHO HO HO он OH но OH он pyranose form of D-glucose OH CH2OH HO D-glucose HO но он он furanose form of D-glucose
11.a) Draw the open chain (Fischer) structure of D-altrose. (1pt) (b) How many chiral centers are...
11.a) Draw the open chain (Fischer) structure of D-altrose.
(1pt)
(b) How many chiral centers are in D-altrose? ______ (1pt)
(c) What is the maximum number of possible stereoisomers whch
can exist for D-altrose? _____ (1pt)
(d) Draw L-altrose in open chain form (use Fischer projection) –
you may use the space above. (1pt)
(e) Use the information above to draw a Haworth projection for
alpha-D-altropyranose. (2pt)
Ruff degradation on a monosaccharide causes C1 to be lost as
carbon dioxide,...
CARBOHYDRATES POST-LAB QUESTIONS [52] 19. Review the Fischer structures of D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-mannose Identify each...
CARBOHYDRATES POST-LAB QUESTIONS [52] 19. Review the Fischer structures of D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-mannose Identify each structure. [12 pts) CHO CHO CHO Н. -OH HO -H H -OH HO -H HO H HO -H Н. OH H OH HO -H H -OH H ОН Н. ОН CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-Glucose D-Mannose TD-Galactose 20. Would either D-galactose or D-mannose form an osazone identical to the glucose osazone? [5 pts] 21. Explain: [5 pts) [5 pts] 22. What structural feature do all...
1. Examine the structural formulas of the three biological molecules A, B, and C shown below. (NOTE: The zigzag lin...
1. Examine the structural formulas of the three biological molecules A, B, and C shown below. (NOTE: The zigzag lines and polygons represent carbons with C-H bonds omitted!) н. сн, Н,с. сн C H OH H,с н HO C-H Ш сн, H2C-o H C OH П I HC-0 H -C OH но Hас—о CH-он C В Circle the polar sites on each of these molecules a. b. Which of these molecules is/are soluble in water? Explain briefly.
NADP+ NADPHH HC-OH HO-CH HC-OH нс-ОН CH2OPO;? 6PGDH 'Coz CH OH c=0 HC-OH HC-OH CHOPO3 In...
NADP+ NADPHH HC-OH HO-CH HC-OH нс-ОН CH2OPO;? 6PGDH 'Coz CH OH c=0 HC-OH HC-OH CHOPO3 In pentose phosphate pathway, 6-phosphogluconate undergoes oxidation and decarboxylation by 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) to form D-ribulose 5-phosphate. The reaction generates NADPH, as shown in the scheme. (1) Fill the blanks. During the 6PGDH-catalyzed reaction, the A group of carbon (B) of 6-phosphogluconate is oxidized to the group in ribulose 5-phosphate. A: (name of the functional group). B: (carbon numbering) C: (name of the functional...
What elements make up a carbohydrate? What ratio are these always found in? molecules that combine to form maltose (draw What is a disaccharide? Draw the reaction of two glucose the structures) function of starch, cellulose, and glycogen. What are polysaccharides? Describe the structure and Study the diagrams below, which show carbohydrate molecules. Beside each molecule, write whether it is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. он CH OH H HOCH но он н нон Glucose он н CH2OH...
30. Which of the choices below is the enantiomer of D-glucose? сно сно нон HO-EH сно на-он D-glucose Іно-Ен н -он но-Ен EH,OH сно но н-он но -н нон Сн,он но-Ен на-он но -н но-Ен н -он нон CHO но -н н-он но-Ен нон снен CHOH Сн,он 3. Which of the following structures is an a-anomer? Сн,он —о, он o ноноон нонс осн он — о оно сн, он он онон он он он он тон КСн,он y CH, OH...
Answer for 1a and 1b
1. Below are the cyclic and open-chain structures for glucose and fructose. (6 points total) а) Label each structure as glucose or fructose. (1 pt each, 4 pts) b) Glucose is a(n) and fructose is a(n). (ketose, aldose) (1 pt each, 2 pts) CH,OH -он HOCH ОН HOH н но/сн,он он OH H o=4 нон Но+н н+он н+он CH2OH CH2OH с=0 но-н нон н+он Сн,он
Please choose the correct answer:
Question 1 1 pts CH-оH -о он ОН, ОН ОН The molecular above is? alpha glucopyranose beta glucofuranose alpha fructofuranose alpha galactopyranose beta fructopyranose beta galactopyranose alpha glucofuranose beta glucopyranose Question 2 1 pts CHO Он Н OH н. н -ОН CH,он The molecule above is? galactose fructose glucose mannose ribose OOOO Question 3 1 pts СНо Н -ОН OH Н н Он CH2OH The furanose form of this molecule is which of the structures...
D-glucose is shown below in its straight-chain and ring
forms.
A) Put an asterisk next to each chiral carbon in the
straight-chain form of D-glucose.
B) Label the given ring forms as the alpha or beta anomer of
D-glucose. Draw the other anomer. Which one is more stable, the
alpha or beta anomer? Explain your logic.
H Он он но H Но Но Н он H он он н но но
5. Glucose can form two different ring structures as shown. Draw a mechanism to show how each is formed (don't worry about the stereochemistry around the anomeric carbon) он CHO HO HO он OH но OH он pyranose form of D-glucose OH CH2OH HO D-glucose HO но он он furanose form of D-glucose
11.a) Draw the open chain (Fischer) structure of D-altrose.
(1pt)
(b) How many chiral centers are in D-altrose? ______ (1pt)
(c) What is the maximum number of possible stereoisomers whch
can exist for D-altrose? _____ (1pt)
(d) Draw L-altrose in open chain form (use Fischer projection) –
you may use the space above. (1pt)
(e) Use the information above to draw a Haworth projection for
alpha-D-altropyranose. (2pt)
Ruff degradation on a monosaccharide causes C1 to be lost as
carbon dioxide,...
CARBOHYDRATES POST-LAB QUESTIONS [52] 19. Review the Fischer structures of D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-mannose Identify each structure. [12 pts) CHO CHO CHO Н. -OH HO -H H -OH HO -H HO H HO -H Н. OH H OH HO -H H -OH H ОН Н. ОН CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-Glucose D-Mannose TD-Galactose 20. Would either D-galactose or D-mannose form an osazone identical to the glucose osazone? [5 pts] 21. Explain: [5 pts) [5 pts] 22. What structural feature do all...
1. Examine the structural formulas of the three biological molecules A, B, and C shown below. (NOTE: The zigzag lines and polygons represent carbons with C-H bonds omitted!) н. сн, Н,с. сн C H OH H,с н HO C-H Ш сн, H2C-o H C OH П I HC-0 H -C OH но Hас—о CH-он C В Circle the polar sites on each of these molecules a. b. Which of these molecules is/are soluble in water? Explain briefly.
NADP+ NADPHH HC-OH HO-CH HC-OH нс-ОН CH2OPO;? 6PGDH 'Coz CH OH c=0 HC-OH HC-OH CHOPO3 In pentose phosphate pathway, 6-phosphogluconate undergoes oxidation and decarboxylation by 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) to form D-ribulose 5-phosphate. The reaction generates NADPH, as shown in the scheme. (1) Fill the blanks. During the 6PGDH-catalyzed reaction, the A group of carbon (B) of 6-phosphogluconate is oxidized to the group in ribulose 5-phosphate. A: (name of the functional group). B: (carbon numbering) C: (name of the functional...
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